以下内容均为转载
http://www.cnblogs.com/ftae/p/6947497.html
poj2728
题意
给出 n 个点的坐标和它的高度,求一颗生成树使得树上所连边的两点高度差之和除以距离之和最小。
分析
01分数规划+最小生成树。
对于所有的边,在求最小生成树过程中有选或不选的问题,
首先根据01分数规划,我们要使 l=∑i=1nheight[i]∗exist[i]∑i=1ndis[i]∗exist[i]
(exist[i]表示是否有这条边)最小,
设 F(l)=∑height[i]∗exist[i]−l∗∑dis[i]∗exist[i]
,我们要使 l
尽可能的小, F(l)
随 l
减小而递增,如果 F(l)<0
,
∑i=1nheight[i]∗exist[i]∑i=1ndis[i]∗exist[i]<l
,即存在更优的 l
,当 F(l)=0
时,即为最终最终答案 l
。
设 D(l)=height[i]−dis[i]∗l
,把它作为边,求最小生成树,那么求得值 F(l)
一定是尽可能小的,越有可能出现更优的 l
。
本题适于采用迭代法,因为在求最小生成树的过程中,就可以计算出更优的 l 值。
code(二分法)
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int MAXN = 1e3 + 10;
const double INF = 1e15;
int n;
double dist(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
return sqrt((x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2));
}
struct node {
double x, y, h;
}a[MAXN];
double height[MAXN][MAXN];
double map[MAXN][MAXN];
double dis[MAXN];
int vis[MAXN];
double prime(double rate) {
double sum = 0;
memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dis[i] = INF;
}
dis[1] = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double MIN = INF;
int k;
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
if(!vis[j] && dis[j] < MIN) MIN = dis[k = j];
}
vis[k] = 1;
sum += MIN;
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
if(!vis[j] && dis[j] > height[k][j] - rate * map[k][j]) {
dis[j] = height[k][j] - rate * map[k][j];
}
}
}
return sum;
}
void solve() {
double l = 0, r = 1e5, mid = 0;
while(r - l > 1e-6) {
mid = (l + r) / 2;
if(prime(mid) < 0) r = mid;
else l = mid;
}
printf("%.3f
", mid);
}
int main() {
while(cin >> n && n) {
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
cin >> a[i].x >> a[i].y >> a[i].h;
for(int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
map[i][j] = map[j][i] = dist(a[i].x, a[i].y, a[j].x, a[j].y);
height[i][j] = height[j][i] = abs(a[i].h - a[j].h);
}
}
solve();
}
return 0;
}
code(迭代法)
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int MAXN = 1e3 + 10;
const double INF = 1e15;
int n;
double dist(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
return sqrt((x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2));
}
struct node {
double x, y, h;
}a[MAXN];
double height[MAXN][MAXN];
double map[MAXN][MAXN];
double dis[MAXN];
int vis[MAXN], pre[MAXN];
double prime(double rate) {
double sum = 0;
double sumh = 0, sumd = 0;
memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dis[i] = INF;
pre[i] = 0;
}
dis[1] = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double MIN = INF;
int k;
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
if(!vis[j] && dis[j] < MIN) {
MIN = dis[k = j];
}
}
vis[k] = 1;
sum += MIN;
sumd += map[pre[k]][k];
sumh += height[pre[k]][k];
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
if(!vis[j] && dis[j] > height[k][j] - rate * map[k][j]) {
dis[j] = height[k][j] - rate * map[k][j];
pre[j] = k;
}
}
}
return sumh / sumd;
}
void solve() {
double k = 0, tmp;
while(1) {
tmp = prime(k);
if(fabs(tmp - k) < 1e-6) break;
else k = tmp;
}
printf("%.3f
", k);
}
int main() {
while(cin >> n && n) {
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
cin >> a[i].x >> a[i].y >> a[i].h;
for(int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
map[i][j] = map[j][i] = dist(a[i].x, a[i].y, a[j].x, a[j].y);
height[i][j] = height[j][i] = abs(a[i].h - a[j].h);
}
}
solve();
}
return 0;
}