前言:正在学习react大众点评项目课程的todoList应用阶段,学习react、redux、react-router基础知识。
一、 React项目脚手架:create-react-app
- 新建项目:
npx create-react-app 项目名
注:(npm >= 5.2 )
- 三个依赖:react、react-dom、react-scripts
- 四个命令:start、build、test、eject(将webpack的封装弹射出来)
cd 项目名 npm start (npm run start中run可省略)
二、使用Mock数据 —— 前后端分离模拟通过http获取mock数据的过程
方式一: 代理到mock服务器
需要开启一台mock服务器,将前端请求转发到这台mock服务器上
安装:
npm install -g serve
启动:
serve
服务器地址:http://localhost:5000
新建api目录,创建data.json文件
脚手架集成了请求转发的功能:package.json文件中
1.create-react-app脚手架低于2.0版本时候,可以使用对象类型
"proxy": { "/api": { "target": "http://localhost:5000", "changeOrigin": true } }
2.最新的create-react-app脚手架2.0版本以上只能配置string类型
"proxy": "http://localhost:5000"
3.最好的方式可以通过middleware中间件进行配置(可以配置多个代理)
npm install http-proxy-middleware --save
const proxy = require("http-proxy-middleware"); module.exports = function(app) { app.use( proxy("/api/", { target: "http://localhost:5000",//跨域地址 changeOrigin: true }) ); };
请求地址:localhost:3000/api/data.json
注意:package.json内容发生了修改,必须重启应用,才能生效。
方式二: 直接将mock数据放到项目public/mock文件夹下(采用)
原因:public文件夹下的内容不会被构建,是静态资源,可直接使用,这样在服务器上,就可以用http方式请求到mock数据了。
三、React思维方式:组件化思想
1.组件划分原则
解耦:降低单一模块/组件的复杂度
复用:保证组件一致性,提升开发效率
组件颗粒度需要避免过大或过小!
2.编写静态组件
开发过程解耦:静态页面和动态交互
组件开发顺序:自上而下 or 自下而上
App -> TodoList -> Todo -> AddTodo -> Footer
3.什么是state
代表UI的完整且最小状态集合
4.如何判断
是否通过父组件props传入?
是否不会随着时间、交互操作变化?
是否可以通过其它state或props计算得到?
5.State的双层含义
代表应用UI的所有状态的集合
代表集合中的每一部分(待办事项列表、新增输入框文本、筛选条件)
6.分析State保存位置
确定依赖state的每一个组件
如果某个state被多个组件依赖,寻找共同的父组件(状态上移)
7.添加交互行为
借助props,添加反向数据流
新增todo、修改todo状态、过滤显示
8.代码
src->index.js
import React from 'react'; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'; import App from './components/App'; ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));
src->components->App.js
import React, { Component } from "react"; import AddTodo from "./AddTodo"; import TodoList from "./TodoList"; import Footer from "./Footer"; class App extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { todos: [], filter: "all" }; this.nextTodoId = 0; } render() { const todos = this.getVisibleTodos(); const { filter } = this.state; return ( <div> <AddTodo addTodo={this.addTodo} /> <TodoList todos={todos} toggleTodo={this.toggleTodo} /> <Footer filter={filter} setVisibilityFilter={this.setVisibilityFilter} /> </div> ); } getVisibleTodos = () => { const currentFilter = this.state.filter; return this.state.todos.filter(item => { if (currentFilter === "active") { return !item.completed; } else if (currentFilter === "completed") { return item.completed; } else { return true; } }); }; addTodo = text => { const todo = { id: this.nextTodoId++, text, completed: false }; const newTodos = [todo, ...this.state.todos]; this.setState({ todos: newTodos }); }; toggleTodo = id => { const newTodos = this.state.todos.map(item => { return item.id === id ? { ...item, completed: !item.completed } : item; }); this.setState({ todos: newTodos }); }; setVisibilityFilter = filter => { this.setState({ filter }); }; } export default App;
src->components->TodoList.js
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import Todo from "./Todo"; class TodoList extends Component { render() { const {todos, toggleTodo} = this.props; return ( <ul> { todos.map(todo => { return <Todo key={todo.id} {...todo} onClick={() => {toggleTodo(todo.id)}}/> }) } </ul> ); } } export default TodoList;
src->components->Todo.js
import React, { Component } from "react"; class Todo extends Component { render() { const { completed, text, onClick } = this.props; return ( <li onClick={onClick} style={{ textDecoration: completed ? "line-through" : "none" }} > {text} </li> ); } } export default Todo;
src->components->AddTodo.js
import React, { Component } from 'react'; class AddTodo extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { text: '' } } render() { return ( <div> <input value={this.state.text} onChange={this.handleChange}/> <button onClick={this.handleClick}>Add</button> </div> ); } handleChange = (e) => { this.setState({ text: e.target.value }) } handleClick = () => { this.props.addTodo(this.state.text); } } export default AddTodo;
src->components->Footer.js
import React, { Component } from "react"; class Footer extends Component { render() { const { filter, setVisibilityFilter } = this.props; return ( <div> <span>Show:</span> <button disabled={filter === "all"} onClick={() => setVisibilityFilter("all")} > All </button> <button disabled={filter === "active"} onClick={() => setVisibilityFilter("active")} > Active </button> <button disabled={filter === "completed"} onClick={() => setVisibilityFilter("completed")} > Completed </button> </div> ); } } export default Footer;
注:项目来自慕课网