134-48. 旋转图像

给定一个 n × n 的二维矩阵表示一个图像。将图像顺时针旋转 90 度。(这次没有抄,都是我写的)
class Solution(object):
    def rotate1(self, matrix):
        """
        :type matrix: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: None Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead.
        """
        length = len(matrix)
        data_list = ["0"] * (length ** 2)
        for i in range(length):
            for j in range(length):
                # 其实最主要的就是这个计算first_index和second_index的过程
                first_index = j   # 根据旋转90度退出j会变为i
                second_index = abs(i-length + 1)  # i-数组长度的绝对值会变成j

                data_list[first_index * length + second_index] = matrix[first_index][second_index]

                if data_list[i * length + j] != "0":
                    exchange_num = data_list[i * length + j]
                else:
                    exchange_num = matrix[i][j]
                matrix[first_index][second_index] = exchange_num

    def rotate2(self, matrix):
        """
        :type matrix: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: None Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead.
        """
        length = len(matrix)
        data_list = ["0"] * (length ** 2)
        for i in range(length):
            for j in range(length):
                first_index = j
                second_index = abs(i-length + 1)

                data_list[first_index * length + second_index] = matrix[i][j]

        for i in range(length ** 2):
            i, j = divmod(i, length)
            matrix[i][j] = data_list[i * length + j]

    def rotate(self, matrix) -> None:
        n = len(matrix)
        # Python 这里不能 matrix_new = matrix 或 matrix_new = matrix[:] 因为是引用拷贝
        matrix_new = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]
        for i in range(n):
            for j in range(n):
                matrix_new[j][n - i - 1] = matrix[i][j]
        # 不能写成 matrix = matrix_new
        matrix[:] = matrix_new


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = Solution()
    matrix = [
        [1, 2, 3],
        [4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]
    ]
    matrix = [
        [43,39,3,33,37,20,14],
        [9,18,9,-1,40,22,38],
        [14,42,3,23,12,14,32],
        [18,31,45,11,8,-1,31],
        [28,44,14,23,40,24,13],
        [29,45,33,45,20,0,45],
        [12,23,35,32,22,39,8]]

    matrix = [
        [5, 1, 9, 11],
        [2, 4, 8, 10],
        [13, 3, 6, 7],
        [15, 14, 12, 16]
    ]