• ASP.NET MVC5 学习笔记-1 控制器、路由、返回类型、选择器、过滤器


    1. Action

    1.1 新建项目

    新建项目->Web->Asp.net Web应用程序,选择MVC,选择添加测试。

    在解决方案上右键,选择"管理NuGet程序包",在更新页更新全部程序包。

    1.2 控制器

    控制器在Controllers文件夹内,命名规则是"名称+Controller"


    2. 路由

    2.1 路由规则

    {controller}/{action}/{id}
    

    其中{id}是可选的。

    2.2 路由定义RouteConfig.cs

    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
    
            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
    

    我们自定义一个路由:

    public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
    {
        routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
    
        routes.MapRoute(
            name: "Serial Number",
            url: "serial/{lettercase}",
            defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Serial", lettercase="upper" }
        );
    
        routes.MapRoute(
            name: "Default",
            url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
            defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
        );
    }
    

    它定义了一个路由,路由名称为"Serial Number", url以"serial"开头,含有一个lettercase参数,使用HomeController.Serial来处理,lettercase默认值为"upper".

    现在在HomeController.cs中定义:

    public ActionResult Serial(string lettercase)
    {
        var serial = "ASP.NET mvc5";
        if (lettercase == "lower")
        {
            serial = serial.ToLower();
        }
        return Content(serial);
    }
    

    此时访问:http://localhost:17681/serial/ 或者 http://localhost:17681/serial/lower 都可以。

    如果路由中没有包含{lettercase},则可以使用querystring方式传递lettercase: http://localhost:17681/serial/?lettercase=lower:

    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Serial Number",
        url: "serial",
        defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Serial" }
    );
    

    vs快捷键:F5运行调试; ctrl+F5:运行但不调试,此时运行时可以修改代码;ctrl+shift+b:编译代码,可以在运行时重新加载而无需重启。

    3 返回类型

    内建Action Result类型:

    • ViewResult:渲染返回完整的网页
    • PartialViewResult:渲染返回网页的一部分,用于Ajax比较多;
    • ContentResult: 返回用户自定义的内容(text,xml)等;
    • JsonResult: 返回Json类型
    • RedirectToRouteResult:重定向

    3.1 PartialViewResult的例子

    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        return PartialView();
    }
    

    3.2 JsonResult的例子

    public ActionResult Serial(string lettercase)
    {
        var serial = "ASP.NET mvc5";
        if (lettercase == "lower")
        {
            serial = serial.ToLower();
        }
        //return Content(serial);
        return Json(new {name = "serial", value = serial}, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
    }
    

    3.3 RedirectToRouteResult的例子

    public ActionResult Serial(string lettercase)
    {
        var serial = "ASP.NET mvc5";
        if (lettercase == "lower")
        {
            serial = serial.ToLower();
        }
        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }
    

    4 Action Selector

    4.1 HttpPost

    public ActionResult Contact()
    {
        ViewBag.TheMessage = "有问题的话请留言哦~";
    
        return View();
    }
    
    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Contact(string message)
    {
        ViewBag.TheMessage = "感谢你的留言~";
    
        return View();
    }
    

    对应的视图

    <form method="POST">
        <input type="text" name="message"/>
        <input type="submit"/>
    </form>
    

    4.1.1 防止CSRF,使用ValidateAntiForgeryToken

    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Create([Bind(Include = "ID,Title,ReleaseDate,Genre,Price")] Movie movie)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            db.Movies.Add(movie);
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
    
        return View(movie);
    }
    

    对应的视图使用@Html.AntiForgeryToken

    @using (Html.BeginForm()) 
    {
        @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
        
        <div class="form-horizontal">
            <h4>Movie</h4>
            <hr />
            @Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
            <div class="form-group">
                @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                <div class="col-md-10">
                    @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Title, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                    @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                </div>
            </div>
    

    4.1.2 验证Post请求 ModelState.IsValid

    使用ModelState.IsValid来验证发送来的模型是否正常。

    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Include="ID,Title,ReleaseDate,Genre,Price")] Movie movie)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            db.Entry(movie).State = EntityState.Modified;
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
        return View(movie);
    }
    

    4.2 ActionName

    [ActionName("about-the-site")]
    public ActionResult About()
    {
        ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";
    
        return View("About");
    }
    

    此时访问地址就是http://localhost:17681/Home/about-the-site

    4.3 Route

    [Route("home/create")]
    public ActionResult Create()
    {
    	
    }
    

    5. 过滤器

    常见的过滤器

    5.1 Authorize属性

    [Authorize(Roles="administrator", Users="liulx")]
    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Create(Customer customer)
    {
    	db.Customers.Add(customer);
    	db.SaveChanges();
    	return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }
    

    Authorize可以不带参数,修饰class,如果class是Authorize修饰的,那么可以用[AllowAnonymous]修饰对应的方法允许匿名访问。

    5.2 Action filter

    创建自定义的Action Filter:

    • 继承ActionFilterAttribute
    • 重写OnActionExecuting方法,该方法在Action之前执行
    • 重写OnActionExecuted方法,该方法在Action之后执行
    public class MyLoggingFilterAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            var request = filterContext.HttpContext.Request;
            // Logger.logRequest(request.UserHostAddress);
            base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
        }
    }
    

    调用

    [MyLoggingFilter]
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        // throw new StackOverflowException();
        return View();
    }
    

    要想在全局应用自定义的Filter,可以这样:

    public class FilterConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters)
        {
        	//添加自定义Filter
            filters.Add(new MyLoggingFilterAttribute());
            filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());
        }
    }
    

    5.3 Result Filter

    [OutputCache(Duration=1800)]
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        // throw new StackOverflowException();
        return View();
    }
    
    [OutputCache(Duration=1800, VaryByParam="id")]
    public ActionResult Details(int id)
    {
        Product p = db.Products.Find(id);
        return View(p);
    }
    

    5.4 Exception Filter

    [HandleError(View="MyError")]
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        // throw new StackOverflowException();
        return View();
    }
    
    [HandleError(View="MyError2", ExceptionType=typeof(DivideByZeroException))]
    public ActionResult Details(int id)
    {
        Product p = db.Products.Find(id);
        return View(p);
    }
    
  • 相关阅读:
    c++虚函数
    Boost Graph Library
    二分查找 http://ac.jobdu.com/problem.php?pid=1545
    二叉树应用
    注解篇二
    springboot+fastdfs+docker
    注解篇一
    vue启动加修改例子
    SSM框架中的中文乱码问题
    mybatis4
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liulixiang/p/4299283.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知