HttpClient Get/Post方式调用Http接口

本节摘要:本节主要分别介绍如何用get方式、post方式向http接口发送数据。

preparation

1. 项目环境如下：

myeclipse6.5 、tomcat5.0、system:xp、JDK:开发1.5，编译1.4

为了方便,在原来的web项目UpDown中新建了一个httpcall包，用来保存http接口和调用的客户端。

2.准备需要的jar包

* commons-httpclient-3.0.jar 
* commons-logging.jar 
* commons-codec-1.3.jar

3.class&method

HttpClient：

GetMethod：

PostMethod：

start

接口写了一个servlet来接收客户端get/post的请求

web.xml需要加入以下配置：

<!-- 模拟HTTP的调用，写的一个http接口 --> 
    <servlet> 
        <servlet-name>TestHTTPServer</servlet-name> 
        <servlet-class>httpcall.TestHTTPServer</servlet-class> 
    </servlet> 
    <servlet-mapping> 
        <servlet-name>TestHTTPServer</servlet-name> 
        <url-pattern>/httpServer</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping>

TestHTTPServer.java的代码如下:

TestHTTPServer
package httpcall;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
*Module: TestHTTPServer.java
*Description: 为了验证http接口的调用，编写了一个模拟的http接口
*Company:
*Author: ptp
*Date: Feb 22, 2012
*/

public class TestHTTPServer extends HttpServlet{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");

PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String param1 = request.getParameter("param1");
out.println("param1=" + param1);
String param2 = request.getParameter("param2");
out.println("param2=" + param2);
if (param1 == null || "".equals("param1") || param1.length() <= 0) {
out.println("http call failed,参数param1不能为空,程序退出");
} else if (param2 == null || "".equals("param2")
|| param2.length() <= 0) {
out.println("http call failed,参数param2不能为空,程序退出");
} else {
out.println("---http call success---");
}
out.close();
}

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}

 

HttpClientUtil.java的代码如下：

HttpClientUtil
package httpcall;

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler;
//import org.apache.commons.httpclient.Header;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException;
//import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
//import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

/**
*
*Module: HttpClientUtil.java
*Description: 以get/post的方式发送数据到指定的http接口---利用httpclient.jar包---HTTP接口的调用
*Company:
*Author: ptp
*Date: Feb 22, 2012
*/

public class HttpClientUtil {

private static final Log log = LogFactory
.getLog(HttpClientUtil.class);

/**
* get方式
* @param param1
* @param param2
* @return
*/
public static String getHttp(String param1,String param2){
String responseMsg = "";

// 1.构造HttpClient的实例
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

// 用于测试的http接口的url
String url="http://localhost:8080/UpDown/httpServer?param1="+param1+"&param2="+param2;

// 2.创建GetMethod的实例
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);

// 使用系统系统的默认的恢复策略
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER,
new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());

try {
//3.执行getMethod,调用http接口
httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);

//4.读取内容
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();

//5.处理返回的内容
responseMsg = new String(responseBody);
log.info(responseMsg);

} catch (HttpException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//6.释放连接
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return responseMsg;
}

/**
* post方式
* @param param1
* @param param2
* @return
*/
public static String postHttp(String param1,String param2) {
String responseMsg = "";

//1.构造HttpClient的实例
HttpClient httpClient=new HttpClient();

httpClient.getParams().setContentCharset("GBK");

String url="http://localhost:8080/UpDown/httpServer";

//2.构造PostMethod的实例
PostMethod postMethod=new PostMethod(url);

//3.把参数值放入到PostMethod对象中
//方式1：
/* NameValuePair[] data = { new NameValuePair("param1", param1),
new NameValuePair("param2", param2) };
postMethod.setRequestBody(data);*/

//方式2：
postMethod.addParameter("param1", param1);
postMethod.addParameter("param2", param2);


try {
// 4.执行postMethod,调用http接口
httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);//200

//5.读取内容
responseMsg = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString().trim();
log.info(responseMsg);

//6.处理返回的内容

} catch (HttpException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//7.释放连接
postMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return responseMsg;
}

/**
* 测试的main方法
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {

String param1="111";
String param2="222";
//get
// System.out.println("get方式调用http接口 "+getHttp(param1, param2));

//post
System.out.println("post方式调用http接口 "+postHttp(param1,param2));
}
}

result

在HttpClientUtil运行main方法，分别运行以下几种情况：

1.get方式

设置

String param1="111"; 
String param2="222";

运行get方式，截图如下：

设置

String param1="111"; 
String param2="";

运行get方式，截图如下：

2.post方式

设置

String param1="111"; 
String param2="222";

运行post方式，截图如下：

 

设置

String param1="111"; 
String param2="";

运行post方式，截图如下：

通过get和post方式调用http接口，总结如下:

* get方式调用http接口的步骤： 
* 1.构造HttpClient实例 
* 2.构造GetMethod实例 
* 3.执行getMethod,调用http接口 
* 4.读取内容 
* 5.处理返回的内容 
* 6.释放连接 
* 
* post方式调用http接口的步骤： 
* 1.构造HttpClient实例 
* 2.构造PostMethod实例 
* 3.把参数值放入到PostMethod对象中 
*   方式1:利用NameValuePair类 
*   方式2:直接用PostMethod实例对象的addParameter方法 
* 4.执行postMethod,调用http接口 
* 5.读取内容 
* 6.处理返回的内容 
* 7.释放连接