1 简介
Java
是面向对象的编程语言,只要使用它,就需要创建对象。Java创建对象有六种方法,实际常用的不会这么多,这里权当是记录一下。
2 六种方法
(1)使用new关键字
Pumpkin p1 = new Pumpkin();
(2)反射之Class类newInstance()
Pumpkin p2 = Pumpkin.class.newInstance();
(3)反射之Constructor类的newInstance()
Pumpkin p3 = Pumpkin.class.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
(4)Object对象的clone方法
Pumpkin p4 = (Pumpkin) p1.clone();
注意Object
类的clone
方法是protected
的,在Override
的时候,可以改成public
,这样让其它所有类都可以调用。
注意浅拷贝和深拷贝。
(5)反序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object.bin"));
oos.writeObject(p1);
oos.close();
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object.bin"));
Pumpkin p5 = (Pumpkin) ois.readObject();
ois.close();
必须要实现Serializable
接口;
需要注意哪些字段可序列化,哪些字段不会被序列化,如何控制;
注意serialVersionUID
的作用;
了解Externalizable
的不同之处。
(6)使用Unsafe类
Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
f.setAccessible(true);
Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) f.get(null);
Pumpkin p6 = (Pumpkin) unsafe.allocateInstance(Pumpkin.class);
很少用的方法,一般不用了解这个方法。
3 示例代码
示例代码如下:
package com.pkslow.basic;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
public class CreateObject {
public static class Pumpkin implements Cloneable, Serializable {
public Pumpkin(){
System.out.println("Constructor called");
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, CloneNotSupportedException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
System.out.println("---start---");
System.out.println("(1) new");
Pumpkin p1 = new Pumpkin();
System.out.println("(2) Class newInstance");
Pumpkin p2 = Pumpkin.class.newInstance();
System.out.println("(3) Constructor newInstance");
Pumpkin p3 = Pumpkin.class.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
System.out.println("(4) clone");
Pumpkin p4 = (Pumpkin) p1.clone();
System.out.println("(5)Serialization");
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object.bin"));
oos.writeObject(p1);
oos.close();
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object.bin"));
Pumpkin p5 = (Pumpkin) ois.readObject();
ois.close();
System.out.println("(6) Unsafe");
Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
f.setAccessible(true);
Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) f.get(null);
Pumpkin p6 = (Pumpkin) unsafe.allocateInstance(Pumpkin.class);
System.out.println("---end---");
}
}
输出结果如下:
---start---
(1) new
Constructor called
(2) Class newInstance
Constructor called
(3) Constructor newInstance
Constructor called
(4) clone
(5)Serialization
(6) Unsafe
---end---
所以会执行构造函数的有:new关键字、两种反射;
不会执行构造函数的有:clone、序列化、Unsafe类。
4 总结
要学会生产对象,也要学会管理对象、回收对象。
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