python网络访问的标准模块
urllib与urllib2并不是升级版的关系,具体可见谷歌文章:difference between urllib and urllib2
urllib2的官方文档:https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/urllib2.html#module-urllib2
最简单的应用:
urllib2.urlopen(url,data,timeout)
data:以post提交url时用的
urllib2.Request(url, data=None, headers={},origin_req_host=None, unverifiable=False)
headers:发给服务器的身份证号,默认情况下urllib2的身份证号为自己的版本号Python-urllib/x.y。
网站通过浏览器发送过来的User-Agent的值来确认浏览器身份,因此用urllib2创建一个请求对象,并给它一个包含头数据的字典来欺骗网站。
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_ # __author__ ='kong' import urllib2 import userAgents class Urllib2ModifyHeader(object): def __init__(self): PIUA = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)"} MUUA = {"User-Agent":"NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999"} self.url = "http://fanyi.youdao.com" self.useUserAgent(PIUA,1) self.useUserAgent(MUUA,2) def useUserAgent(self,userAgent,name): request = urllib2.Request(self.url,headers=userAgent) # request.add_header(userAgent.split(":")[0],userAgent.split(":")[1]) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) fileName = str(name) + '.html' with open(fileName,'a') as fp: fp.write("%s "%userAgent) fp.write(response.read()) if __name__ == '__main__': umh = Urllib2ModifyHeader()
解释: