11gR2搭建dataguard环境，此篇文章是利用rman搭建dataguard，这样的好处是primary不用停机，当然，前提条件是primary已经开启归档。
相对于可以停机，零停机传送数据文件的方式，不能冷备然后拷贝数据文件，只能利用rman技术备份，并恢复至standby中，当然rman备份恢复我只用了最简单的一种，一条命令备份，两条命令恢复。
可以参考拷贝数据文件方式：http://www.cnblogs.com/kkterry/p/3819322.html
主备切换、模式调整等实验会在以后更新。
环境信息介绍：
primary（正在运行，已经开启归档，可正常交易）： OS：OEL6.4 database：11.2.0.4.0 hostname：node4 192.168.100.131 ORACLE_SID=good ORACLE_HOME=/u01/product/11.2.0 db_unique_name=good standby（装好database软件）： OS：OEL6.4 database：11.2.0.4.0 hostname：node5 192.168.100.132 ORACLE_SID=good ORACLE_HOME=/u01/product/11.2.0 db_unique_name=bad 两边oracle用户的环境变量： export ORACLE_BASE=/u01 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0 export ORACLE_SID=good export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib alias s='sqlplus / as sysdba'
1. primary已经处于归档状态（归档目录/u01/arch），然后打开force logging:
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/arch
Oldest online log sequence 24
Next log sequence to archive 26
Current log sequence 26
alter database force logging;
2. 配置listener与tnsnames，然后传至standby
（primary可以是动态监听，但是standby需要静态监听，因为动态监听需要数据库启动至mount状态才能监听得到。standby目前只有软件，没有实例，所以动态监听无法向外提供服务，以至于primary无法连接至standby的库，导致无法测试连通性，并向向standby传递归档）
listner.ora:
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/product/11.2.0) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = good) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/product/11.2.0) (SID_NAME = good) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01
tnsnames.ora:
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. GOOD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.131)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = good) ) ) BAD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.132)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = good) ) )
3.两边打开监听
lsnrctl start
此时可以测试两边是否连通
sqlplus sys/xxx@good as sysdba
sqlplus sys/xxx@bad as sysdba
4.配置primary参数，并添加standby logfile,以用来将来主备切换,standby logfile要比redo多一个组
此时的primary参数文件，里面没有相关dg的参数。 good.__db_cache_size=205520896 good.__java_pool_size=4194304 good.__large_pool_size=8388608 good.__oracle_base='/u01'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment good.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200 good.__sga_target=343932928 good.__shared_io_pool_size=0 good.__shared_pool_size=113246208 good.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/good/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.4.0' *.control_files='/u01/oradata/good/control01.ctl','/u01/fast_recovery_area/good/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='good' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/fast_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832 *.diagnostic_dest='/u01' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=goodXDB)' *.memory_target=550502400 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch'
运行如下命令：具体参数含义在文章最后的附录表中，也可以查询官方文档，解释的更详细。
（不用设置primary的db_unique_name,默认就有） alter system set log_archive_config= 'DG_CONFIG=(good,bad)'; alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'LOCATION=/u01/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=good'; alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'SERVICE=bad LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bad'; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable; alter system set fal_server=bad; alter system set fal_client=good; alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;
添加standby redo：
alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby04.log')size 50m, group 5 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby05.log')size 50m, group 6 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby06.log')size 50m, group 7 ('/u01/oradata/good/standby07.log')size 50m;
5.创建standby controlfile、pfile
alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/control01.ctl'; create pfile from spfile;
6.利用rman备份primary，做全备即可
rman target / backup database format '/u01/backup/full_%U';
7.把相关文件从primary传递至standby
监听文件：listener.ora、tnsnames.ora --$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin(在之前已经传过去了) 参数文件：initgood.ora --$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 密码文件：orapwgood --$ORACLE_HOME/dbs sty控制文件：control01.ctl --$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/good 日志目录（或直接创建文件夹）：$ORACLE_BASE/admin、$ORACLE_BASE/diag、$ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area --$ORACLE_BASE 备份文件：/u01/backup/* --/u01/backup/
8.修改standby参数文件,重点注意蓝色的参数，绿色是重点要修改的。
good.__db_cache_size=222298112 good.__java_pool_size=4194304 good.__large_pool_size=8388608 good.__oracle_base='/u01'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment good.__pga_aggregate_target=192937984 good.__sga_target=360710144 good.__shared_io_pool_size=0 good.__shared_pool_size=113246208 good.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/good/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.4.0' *.control_files='/u01/oradata/good/control01.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='good' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/fast_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832 *.db_unique_name='bad' *.diagnostic_dest='/u01' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=goodXDB)' *.fal_client='bad' *.fal_server='good‘ *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(good,bad)' *.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=bad' *.log_archive_dest_2='service=good lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=good' *.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE' *.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE' *.memory_target=550502400 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.standby_file_management='AUTO' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
9.standby启动至mount，然后rman恢复
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jul 2 20:32:36 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 551165952 bytes Fixed Size 2255112 bytes Variable Size 385877752 bytes Database Buffers 155189248 bytes Redo Buffers 7843840 bytes SQL> alter database mount; Database altered. SQL> exit
[oracle@node5 dbs]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jul 2 20:33:57 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: GOOD (DBID=1820366808, not open) RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/backup/'; Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 02-JUL-14 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=14 device type=DISK Crosschecked 2 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 02-JUL-14 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 02-JUL-14 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Crosschecked 2 objects Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 02-JUL-14 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files... no files cataloged searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/backup/ List of Files Unknown to the Database ===================================== File Name: /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1 File Name: /u01/backup/full_04pcdkvl_1_1 Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes cataloging files... cataloging done List of Cataloged Files ======================= File Name: /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1 File Name: /u01/backup/full_04pcdkvl_1_1 RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 02-JUL-14 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/oradata/good/system01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/oradata/good/sysaux01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oradata/good/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oradata/good/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/full_03pcdktt_1_1 tag=TAG20140702T202533 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 Finished restore at 02-JUL-14
此时standby的/u01/arch会出现归档。
可以在primary进行alter system switch logfile测试，归档必须同时出现在两端，这点很重要，不然standby无法进行恢复。
10.standby应用日志
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
11.验证
观察primary与standby的/u01/arch
primary:alter system switch logfile;
SELECT STATUS,DESTINATION, ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;
select sequence#,status from v$archived_log;--主备一致
14.standby可以选择是否启动read only with apply
如果启动可以在standby库进行查询，同时从primary日志恢复（此为11g特性，10g如果read only打开standby库，不可以同时恢复）
alter database recover managed standby database cancel; alter database open; alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; select open_mode from v$database;
到这里可以算是完成了，可以正常登录主库、备库进行数据查询。
15.此时会发现一个现象，v$logfile中的文件可以查询得到，但是文件并不存在，这种情况可以忽略，主备互转的时候会自动创建。
SQL> col member for a30 SQL> select * from v$logfile; GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ ---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ --- 3 ONLINE /u01/oradata/good/redo03.log NO 2 ONLINE /u01/oradata/good/redo02.log NO 1 ONLINE /u01/oradata/good/redo01.log NO 4 STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo04.log NO 5 STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo05.log NO 6 STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo06.log NO 7 STANDBY /u01/oradata/good/redo07.log NO 7 rows selected.
参数附录：
|
角色 |
参数名称 |
介绍 |
|
Pri |
DB_NAME |
数据库名称，primary端和standby端必须相同 |
|
指定唯一名称，区别primary端和 standby端 |
||
|
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG |
指定DG的全局日志配置，包含所有数据库的名称，及归档路径 |
|
|
CONTROL_FILES |
控制文件路径及名称 |
|
|
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n |
指定主备库的归档路径 |
|
|
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n |
配置是否允许通过redo进行日志传输及路径 |
|
|
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE |
配置远程登陆模式，是否独享还是共享 |
|
|
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT |
配置归档日志文件存储格式规范 |
|
|
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESS=integer |
配置归档进程数量，默认为4 |
|
|
FAL_SERVER |
||
|
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT |
||
|
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT |
配置数据库redo日志文件转换，用在主备库redo日志文件路径不一致 |
|
|
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT |
配置备库是否同步主库的表空间添加或数据文件添加。 |
|
|
st |
DB_UNIQUE_NAME |
指定唯一名称，区别pri 端和 sty端 |
|
CONTROL_FILES |
控制文件路径及名称 |
|
|
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT |
配置数据库数据文件转换，用在主备库数据文件路径不一致 |
|
|
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT |
配置数据库数据文件转换，用在主备库数据文件路径不一致 |
|
|
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n |
指定主备库的归档路径 |
|
|
FAL_SERVER |
配置服务器角色 |