BZOJ 4034 树链剖分

题目链接：http://www.lydsy.com/JudgeOnline/problem.php?id=4034

题意：中文题面

思路：树链剖分入门题。 剖分后就是一个简单的区间更新和区间求和问题。用线段树去维护一下。 由于有一个操作是关于子树的，可以用DFS序来求，但是由于剖分后的序列都是连续的，所以只需要记录下返回当前根时前一个点的位置即可进行子树操作。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<time.h>
#include<cmath>
#include<sstream>
#include<assert.h>
using namespace std;
#define L(x) x<<1
#define R(x) x<<1|1
typedef long long int LL;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const LL INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
const int MAXN = 100000+ 10;
int val[MAXN], head[MAXN], tot, cnt;
struct Edge{
    int to,next;
    Edge(int _to = 0, int _next = 0) :to(_to), next(_next){};
}Edges[MAXN * 2];
void add(int u, int v){
    Edges[tot].to = v;
    Edges[tot].next = head[u];
    head[u] = tot++;
}
int id[MAXN], endid[MAXN], son[MAXN], deep[MAXN], size[MAXN], fa[MAXN], reid[MAXN], top[MAXN];
void Init(){
    tot = 0; cnt = 0;
    memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
    memset(son, -1, sizeof(son));
}
void DFS1(int u, int p,int dep){
    fa[u] = p; size[u] = 1; deep[u] = dep;
    for (int i = head[u]; i != -1; i = Edges[i].next){
        if (Edges[i].to != p){
            DFS1(Edges[i].to, u,dep+1);
            size[u] += size[Edges[i].to];
            if (son[u] == -1 || size[Edges[i].to] > size[son[u]]){
                son[u] = Edges[i].to;
            }
        }
    }
}
void DFS2(int u, int tp){
    id[u] = ++cnt; reid[id[u]] = u; top[u] = tp;
    if (son[u] == -1){
        endid[u] = cnt;
        return;
    }
    DFS2(son[u], tp);
    for (int i = head[u]; i != -1; i = Edges[i].next){
        if (son[u] != Edges[i].to&&Edges[i].to != fa[u]){
            DFS2(Edges[i].to, Edges[i].to);
        }
    }
    endid[u] = cnt;
}
struct Node{
    int st, ed;
    LL sum, lazy;
}Seg[MAXN * 4];
void Build(int l, int r, int k){
    Seg[k].st = l; Seg[k].ed = r; Seg[k].lazy = 0;
    if (l == r){
        Seg[k].sum = val[reid[l]];
        return;
    }
    int mid = (l + r) / 2;
    Build(l, mid, L(k)); Build(mid + 1, r, R(k));
    Seg[k].sum = Seg[L(k)].sum + Seg[R(k)].sum;
}
void pushUp(int k){
    Seg[k].sum = Seg[L(k)].sum + Seg[R(k)].sum;
}
void pushDown(int k){
    if (Seg[k].lazy){
        Seg[L(k)].sum += 1LL*Seg[k].lazy*(Seg[L(k)].ed - Seg[L(k)].st + 1);
        Seg[L(k)].lazy += Seg[k].lazy;
        Seg[R(k)].sum += 1LL*Seg[k].lazy*(Seg[R(k)].ed - Seg[R(k)].st + 1);
        Seg[R(k)].lazy += Seg[k].lazy;
        Seg[k].lazy = 0;
    }
}
void Add(int l, int r, int k,int val){
    if (Seg[k].st == l&&Seg[k].ed == r){
        Seg[k].lazy += val;
        Seg[k].sum += 1LL * val * (r - l + 1);
        return;
    }
    pushDown(k);
    if (r <= Seg[L(k)].ed){
        Add(l, r, L(k),val);
    }
    else if (l >= Seg[R(k)].st){
        Add(l, r, R(k),val);
    }
    else{
        Add(l, Seg[L(k)].ed, L(k), val);
        Add(Seg[R(k)].st, r, R(k), val);
    }
    pushUp(k);
}
LL Query(int l, int r, int k){
    if (Seg[k].st == l&&Seg[k].ed == r){
        return Seg[k].sum;
    }
    pushDown(k);
    LL sum = 0;
    if (r <= Seg[L(k)].ed){
        sum=Query(l, r, L(k));
    }
    else if (l >= Seg[R(k)].st){
        sum=Query(l, r, R(k));
    }
    else{
        sum=Query(l, Seg[L(k)].ed, L(k)) + Query(Seg[R(k)].st, r, R(k));
    }
    pushUp(k);
    return sum;
}
LL Query(int x){
    LL ans = 0;
    while (top[x]!=1){
        ans += Query(id[top[x]], id[x],1);
        x = fa[top[x]];
    }
    ans += Query(1,id[x], 1);
    return ans;
}
int main(){
//#ifdef kirito
//    freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
//    freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);
//#endif
//    int start = clock();
    int n, m;
    while (~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)){
        Init();
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            scanf("%d", &val[i]);
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++){
            int u, v;
            scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
            add(u, v); add(v, u);
        }
        DFS1(1, 1, 0); DFS2(1, 1); 
        Build(1, n, 1);
        while (m--){
            int ope, x, a;
            scanf("%d", &ope);
            switch (ope)
            {
            case 1:scanf("%d%d", &x, &a); Add(id[x],id[x] , 1, a); break;
            case 2:scanf("%d%d", &x, &a); Add(id[x], endid[x], 1, a); break;
            default: scanf("%d", &x);  printf("%lld
", Query(x)); break;
            }
        }
    }
//#ifdef LOCAL_TIME
//    cout << "[Finished in " << clock() - start << " ms]" << endl;
//#endif
    return 0;
}