gradle命令学习

概述

命令学习比较枯燥，全部是例子~

gradle版本

假设你的本地gradle已经安装配置完成。没有安装配置的，可以参考 gradle安装

C:Usersyueling.DANGDANG>gradle -v

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 4.5.1
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:   2018-02-05 13:22:49 UTC
Revision:     37007e1c012001ff09973e0bd095139239ecd3b3

Groovy:       2.4.12
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.9 compiled on February 2 2017
JVM:          1.8.0_73 (Oracle Corporation 25.73-b02)
OS:           Windows 7 6.1 amd64

C:Usersyueling.DANGDANG>

语法

gradle [taskName...] [--option-name...]

gradlew是包装器，自动下载包装里定义好的gradle 版本，保证编译环境统一，gradle 是用本地的gradle。所以./gradlew、gradle通用，不神秘，使用更方便一些,可以使用gradle互相替换。其中gradlew的内容可以在项目的目录下查看。

任务
如果需要处理多任务，任务列表必须使用空格分割开，如

gradle test deploy

选项
选项可以放在任务列表前也可以放在任务列表后，如下的写法作用是相同的

gradle --console=plain test
gradle test --console=plain

记忆技巧：长格式的选项表示启用特性的都具有反向操作（关闭特性），关闭特性长选项格式在启用特性前缀no-

--build-cache
--configure-on-demand
--daemon
--parallel
--scan

--no-build-cache
--no-configure-on-demand
--no-daemon
--no-parallel
--no-scan

命令列表

打开控制台，

command_Parameters	introduction
-?, -h, –help	展示帮助信息
-a, –no-rebuild	忽略构建”项目依赖”,[废弃]
-b, –build-file	使用用-b参数将会忽略setting文件,用指定的.gradle文件进行构建(默认情况下首先会寻找当前目录下的 build.gradle文件或依据settings.gradle中的配置寻找子项目中的build.gradle)
–build-cache	支持gradle缓存。Gradle将试图重用以前的版本的输出
-c, –settings-file	执行指定的*.gralde文件(默认settings.gradle)
–configure-on-demand	配置必要的项目。Gradle将试图减少大型多项目构建的配置时间
–console	指定控制台输出类型,可选值有’plain’、’auto’(默认)、’rich’、’verbose’。plain 是生成普通的文本，该选项禁止所有颜色和富文本输出;auto当构建程序与控制台相关联时启动颜色和富文本输出，或者不关联时生成普通文本;rich 启动颜色和富文本输出，忽略构建程序是否关联了控制台,如果没有关联构建输出将输出 ANSI 控制字符来生产富文本输出;verbose会输出更多的详细信息(感觉很乱，调试问题可能会用到)
–continue	构建时遇到错误忽略报错,继续构建,默认报错后终止构建
-D, –system-prop	-D属性会被传送给启动Gradle的jvm，作为一个系统属性被jvm使用(例如:-Dmyprop=myvalue)
-d, –debug	指定日志输出级别为debug,可打印一般堆栈信息
–daemon	使用Gradle守护进程执行构建,如果没有守护进程则启动一个守护进程
–foreground	以foreground形式启动守护进程
-g, –gradle-user-home	指定默认的指定Gradle 用户home目录.默认在”用户目录/.gradle”
-I, –init-script	运行指定初始化脚本,脚本会在build之前执行.查找init.gradle的路径顺序：./,USER_HOME/.gradle/ ,USER_HOME/.gradle/init.d/,GRADLE_HOME/init.d/
-i, –info	指定日志级别为info
–include-build	在组合中包含指定的构建
-m, –dry-run	模拟任务执行过程并将过程打印出来,并非真正执行,目的是展示执行的过程
–max-workers	设定参与构建的cpu的核数
–no-build-cache	禁用构建缓存
–no-configure-on-demand	根据需要禁用配置
–no-daemon	禁用守护进程,不使用守护进程执行构建. 如果你已经配置了Gradle总会使用守护进程运行，此选项有帮助
–no-parallel	禁止使用并行模式构建项目
–no-scan	禁用创建构建扫描,更多信息可以参考https://gradle.com/build-scans
–offline	采用离线模式构建项目,不使用网路资源(此时很有可能出现构建失败的情况慎用)
-P, –project-prop	设置Gradle的项目参数,会被直接加载到Gradle领域对象上(例如:-Pmyprop=myvalue)
-p, –project-dir	为gradle指定起始目录。默认为当前目录
–parallel	采用并行模式构建。gradle采用配置的线程数进行构建
–profile	存储一份执行报告到<build_dir>/reports/profile,包括总时间和在配置和任务执行阶段的细节。并以时间大小倒序排列，并且记录了任务的执行情况.Gradle会根据构建时间命名这些报告文件
–project-cache-dir	指定项目的缓存目录。默认在项目目录中。
-q, –quiet	静默方式，只输出error信息
–recompile-scripts	强制构建脚本重新编译[废弃]
–refresh-dependencies	刷新依赖的状态
–rerun-tasks	忽略先前缓存的任务结果
-S, –full-stacktrace	打印全部详细信息，所有异常的堆栈信息
-s, –stacktrace	打印所有异常的堆栈信息
–scan	创建一个构建扫描。如果构建扫描插件没有被应用，那么gradle会发出警告(https://gradle.com/build-scans)
–status	统计信息，展示正在运行和最近停止的gradle进程
–stop	如果守护进程正在运行，停止gradle的守护进程
-t, –continuous	连续构建模式,采用此模式后会监听所有构建文件变化,文件发生变化后会自动重新构建
-u, –no-search-upward	不使用父目录中的settings.gradle文件,如果不添加此项,父目录的setting.gradle会覆盖子目录下的配置
-v, –version	打印gradle版本信息
-w, –warn	指定日志级别为warn
–warning-mode	指定要生成的警告模式。值是’all’, ‘summary’(默认) or ‘no’
-x, –exclude-task	任务排除,跳过执行指定任务

命令的一些用法

准备一个项目

使用eclipse创建一个gradle的项目:gradleDemo
该项目不写任何代码，只配置build.gradle,只为了演示命令的基本用法及效果
build.gradle

apply plugin: 'java-library'

// In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
repositories {
    // Use jcenter for resolving your dependencies.
    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
    jcenter()
}

dependencies {
    // This dependency is exported to consumers, that is to say found on their compile classpath.
    api 'org.apache.commons:commons-math3:3.6.1'

    // This dependency is used internally, and not exposed to consumers on their own compile classpath.
    implementation 'com.google.guava:guava:23.0'

    // Use JUnit test framework
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
}

//有依赖
task base {
    doLast {
        println "i'm base!"
    }
}
task extend(dependsOn: base) {
    doLast {
        println "I'm extend!"
    }
}
//使用<<代替dolast
task dolast <<{
         println "show me! dolast"
         println ("show me! dolast")
         println ("show me! dolast");
     }
//多字节名称使用间歇eEE
task extendExpExp() {
    doLast {
        println "I'm extendExpExp"
    }
}

实验

挑一些常用的命令用实例说明用法,首先切换到项目所在目录

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:Usersyueling.DANGDANG>cd /d d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>

直接执行命令

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle
:help

Welcome to Gradle 4.5.1.

To run a build, run gradle <task> ...

To see a list of available tasks, run gradle tasks

To see a list of command-line options, run gradle --help

To see more detail about a task, run gradle help --task <task>

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

执行任务和任务的所有依赖

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle extend
:base
i'm base!
:extend
I'm extend!

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
2 actionable tasks: 2 executed

多模块项目中，可以在root项目中指定项目名称来执行,此项目时单模块的，不在此演示,格式为 gradle projectName:taskName

多任务执行

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base dolast
:base
i'm base!
:dolast
show me! dolast
show me! dolast
show me! dolast

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
2 actionable tasks: 2 executed

排除模块执行

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base dolast -x dolast
:base
i'm base!

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed>

强制执行任务

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base --rerun-tasks
:base
i'm base!

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

遇到错误继续执行

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base --continue
:base
i'm base!

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

当然目前该项目没有错误^_^

task控制 doFirst 和doLast
在这里我们使用它来控制一些输出作为演示(实际项目中可以填入更复杂的actions)，前面的例子中已经使用了，还可以更灵活第控制,如在build.gradle中配置添加

base.doLast {
    println "addtion end......"
}
base.doFirst {
    println "addtion start......"
}

那么输入就会改变，在任务开始和结束打印的内容随之变化

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base
:base
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

静默构建
多余的日志信息不见了~~~

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle -q base
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......
d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>

设置日志级别
分别演示了设置成warn和info的情况

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle -w base
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle -i base
Initialized native services in: C:Usersyueling.DANGDANG.gradle
ative
The client will now receive all logging from the daemon (pid: 59652). The daemon log file: C:Usersyueling.DANGDANG.gradledaemon4.5.1daemon-59652.out.log
Starting 33rd build in daemon [uptime: 3 hrs 53 mins 31.583 secs, performance: 100%, no major garbage collections]
Using 4 worker leases.
Starting Build
Settings evaluated using settings file 'D:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemosettings.gradle'.
Projects loaded. Root project using build file 'D:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemouild.gradle'.
Included projects: [root project 'gradleDemo']
Evaluating root project 'gradleDemo' using build file 'D:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemouild.gradle'.
All projects evaluated.
Selected primary task 'base' from project :
Tasks to be executed: [task ':base']
:base (Thread[Daemon worker Thread 17,5,main]) started.
:base
Task ':base' is not up-to-date because:
  Task has not declared any outputs.
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......
:base (Thread[Daemon worker Thread 17,5,main]) completed. Took 0.0 secs.

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
1 actionable task: 1 executed
VCS Checkout Cache (D:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo.gradlevcsWorkingDirs) has not been cleaned up in 0 days

控制台输出类型
可以指定的类型有：’plain’、’auto’(默认)、’rich’、’verbose’

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base --console plain
:base
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed
d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base --console rich

[1A[1m<[0;32;1;0;39;1m-------------> 0% CONFIGURING [0s][m[35D[1B[1A[0K
[1m> Task :base[m[33m [39m
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......


Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

[32;1mBUILD SUCCESSFUL[0;39m in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

windows下显示有点问题，不支持颜色的控制~尊驾可以移步到linux下执行，颜色等都显示出来了

status

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base --status
   PID STATUS   INFO
 59652 IDLE     4.5.1

Only Daemons for the current Gradle version are displayed. See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/gradle_daemon.html#sec:status

scan
这个过程是需要交互的，同意即可，即输入yes；然后按提供的地址打开url，提供邮件地址；按邮件里的提示查看报告

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base --scan
:base
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 2s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

Publishing a build scan to scans.gradle.com requires accepting the Terms of Service defined at https://scans.gradle.com/terms-of-service. Do you accept these terms? [yes, no]
yes
Gradle Cloud Services license agreement accepted.

Publishing build scan...
https://gradle.com/s/pmnnhqgqmv4zw

更换setting.gradle配置文件
将一份配置文件复制到项目外(本例直接复制到d盘),修改其中的项目名称为gradleDemooooooooooooo

rootProject.name = 'gradleDemooooooooooooo'

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle base -c d:settings.gradle -i
Initialized native services in: C:Usersyueling.DANGDANG.gradle
ative
The client will now receive all logging from the daemon (pid: 59652). The daemon log file: C:Usersyueling.DANGDANG.gradledaemon4.5.1daemon-59652.out.log
Starting 45th build in daemon [uptime: 4 hrs 20 mins 27.835 secs, performance: 100%, no major garbage collections]
Using 4 worker leases.
Starting Build
Settings evaluated using settings file 'D:settings.gradle'.
Projects loaded. Root project using build file 'D:uild.gradle'.
Included projects: [root project 'gradleDemooooooooooooo']
Evaluating root project 'gradleDemooooooooooooo' using build file 'D:uild.gradle'.
All projects evaluated.
Selected primary task 'base' from project :
Tasks to be executed: [task ':base']
:base (Thread[Task worker for ':',5,main]) started.
:base
Task ':base' is not up-to-date because:
  Task has not declared any outputs.
addtion start......
i'm base!
addtion end......
:base (Thread[Task worker for ':',5,main]) completed. Took 0.001 secs.

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
1 actionable task: 1 executed
VCS Checkout Cache (D:.gradlevcsWorkingDirs) has not been cleaned up in 0 days

更换build.gradle配置文件
复制一份配置文件到D盘，并添加任务

task baseadd {
    doLast {
        println "build.gradle not in dir!"
    }
}

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle baseadd -b d:uild.gradle
:baseadd
build.gradle not in dir!

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

gradle build
装配所有输出并运行所有检查

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle build
:compileJava

:processResources NO-SOURCE
:classes
:jar
:assemble
:compileTestJava
:processTestResources NO-SOURCE
:testClasses
:test
:check
:build

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 18s
4 actionable tasks: 4 executed

gradle run
运行所有任务
gradle check
验证任务，包括测试和初始化

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle check
:compileJava
:processResources NO-SOURCE
:classes
:compileTestJava
:processTestResources NO-SOURCE
:testClasses
:test
:check

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 2s
3 actionable tasks: 3 executed

gradle clean
清理所有输出

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle clean
:clean

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

gradle projects
项目报告,包括子项目

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle projects
:projects

------------------------------------------------------------
Root project
------------------------------------------------------------

Root project 'gradleDemo'
No sub-projects

To see a list of the tasks of a project, run gradle <project-path>:tasks
For example, try running gradle :tasks

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 0s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

gradle tasks
所有的tasks列表

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle tasks
:tasks

------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------

Build tasks
-----------
assemble - Assembles the outputs of this project.
build - Assembles and tests this project.
buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it.
buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on.
classes - Assembles main classes.
clean - Deletes the build directory.
jar - Assembles a jar archive containing the main classes.
testClasses - Assembles test classes.

Build Setup tasks
-----------------
init - Initializes a new Gradle build.
wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files.

Documentation tasks
-------------------
javadoc - Generates Javadoc API documentation for the main source code.

Help tasks
----------
buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in root project 'gradleDemo'.
components - Displays the components produced by root project 'gradleDemo'. [incubating]
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'gradleDemo'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'gradleDemo'.
dependentComponents - Displays the dependent components of components in root project 'gradleDemo'. [incubating]
help - Displays a help message.
model - Displays the configuration model of root project 'gradleDemo'. [incubating]
projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'gradleDemo'.
properties - Displays the properties of root project 'gradleDemo'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'gradleDemo'.

Verification tasks
------------------
check - Runs all checks.
test - Runs the unit tests.

Rules
-----
Pattern: clean<TaskName>: Cleans the output files of a task.
Pattern: build<ConfigurationName>: Assembles the artifacts of a configuration.
Pattern: upload<ConfigurationName>: Assembles and uploads the artifacts belonging to a configuration.

To see all tasks and more detail, run gradle tasks --all

To see more detail about a task, run gradle help --task <task>

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 5.0.
See https://docs.gradle.org/4.5.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1s
1 actionable task: 1 executed

gradle tasks –all

gradle -q help –task base
展示指定任务的详细信息

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle -q help --task base
Detailed task information for base

Path
     :base

Type
     Task (org.gradle.api.Task)

Description
     -

Group
     -

gradle dependencies
展示项目依赖

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle dependencies
:dependencies

------------------------------------------------------------
Root project
------------------------------------------------------------

api - API dependencies for source set 'main'. (n)
--- org.apache.commons:commons-math3:3.6.1 (n)

apiElements - API elements for main. (n)
No dependencies

archives - Configuration for archive artifacts.
No dependencies

compile - Dependencies for source set 'main' (deprecated, use 'implementation ' instead).
No dependencies

compileClasspath - Compile classpath for source set 'main'.
+--- org.apache.commons:commons-math3:3.6.1
--- com.google.guava:guava:23.0
     +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9
     +--- com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.0.18
     +--- com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:1.1
     --- org.codehaus.mojo:animal-sniffer-annotations:1.14

compileOnly - Compile only dependencies for source set 'main'.
No dependencies
……

gradle buildEnvironment
展示构建环境依赖关系报告
gradle dependencyInsight
展示依赖关系报告
gradle model
展示模型关系报告

d:eclipsWSgradleWSgradleDemo>gradle model
:model

------------------------------------------------------------
Root project
------------------------------------------------------------

+ binaries
      | Type:           org.gradle.platform.base.BinaryContainer
      | Creator:        BinaryBasePlugin.Rules#binaries(BinaryContainer)
      | Rules:
         ? JavaBasePlugin.Rules#attachBridgedBinaries(BinaryContainer, JavaBasePlugin.BridgedBinaries)
    + main
          | Type:       org.gradle.api.internal.jvm.DefaultClassDirectoryBinarySpec_Decorated
          | Value:      Classes 'main'
          | Creator:    JavaBasePlugin.Rules#attachBridgedBinaries(BinaryContainer, JavaBasePlugin.BridgedBinaries) > put()
          | Rules:
             ? BinaryBasePlugin.Rules#defineBuildLifecycleTask(BinarySpecInternal, ITaskFactory)
             ? BinaryBasePlugin.Rules#addSourceSetsOwnedByBinariesToTheirInputs(BinarySpecInternal)
    + test
          | Type:       org.gradle.api.internal.jvm.DefaultClassDirectoryBinarySpec_Decorated
          | Value:      Classes 'test'
          | Creator:    JavaBasePlugin.Rules#attachBridgedBinaries(BinaryContainer, JavaBasePlugin.BridgedBinaries) > put()
          | Rules:
             ? BinaryBasePlugin.Rules#defineBuildLifecycleTask(BinarySpecInternal, ITaskFactory)
             ? BinaryBasePlugin.Rules#addSourceSetsOwnedByBinariesToTheirInputs(BinarySpecInternal)
+ components
      | Type:           org.gradle.platform.base.ComponentSpecContainer
      | Creator:        ComponentBasePlugin.PluginRules#components(ComponentSpecContainer)
      ……

还有一些没有演示的命令，根据帮助文档都能尝试一下

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/9877862.html