• ios学习路线—Objective-C(深浅拷贝)


    在ObjC中,什么是深浅拷贝?  深浅拷贝分别指深拷贝和浅拷贝,即 mutableCopy 和 copy 方法。  copy复制一个不可变对象,而 mutableCopy 复制一个 mutable 可变对象。

    非容器类对象  如NSString,NSNumber等一类对象 
    示例1:

    // 非容器类对象
        NSString *str = @"origin string";
        NSString *strCopy = [str copy];
        NSMutableString *mstrCopy = [str mutableCopy];
        [mstrCopy appendString:@"??"];
    
    //    NSLog(@"array1     = %p", array1);
    //    NSLog(@"arrayCopy1 = %p", arrayCopy1);

    查看内存可以发现,str和strCopy指向的是同一块内存区域,我们称之为弱引用(weak reference)。而mstrCopy是真正的复制,系统为其分配了新内存空间,保存从str复制过来的字符串值。从最后一行代码中修改这些值而不影 响str和strCopy中可证明。

    示例2:

        NSMutableString *mstr = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"origin"];
        NSString *strCopy = [mstr copy];
        NSMutableString *mstrCopy = [mstr copy];
        NSMutableString *mstrMCopy = [mstr mutableCopy];
        //[mstrCopy appendString:@"1111"];  //error
        [mstr appendString:@"222"];
        [mstrMCopy appendString:@"333"];

    以上四个对象所分配的内存都是不一样的。而且对于mstrCopy,它所指向的其实是一个imutable对象,是不可改变的,所以会出错。这点要注意,好好理解。

    小结: 
    1.如果对一个不可变对象复制,copy是指针复制,即浅拷贝;而mutableCopy则是对象复制,即深拷贝。 
    2.如果是对可变对象复制,都是深拷贝,但是copy复制返回的对象是不可变的。

    容器类对象深浅复制 
    比如NSArray,NSDictionary等。对于容器类本身,上面讨论的结论也适用的,下面探讨的是复制后容器内对象的变化。

    示例3:

        /* copy返回不可变对象,mutablecopy返回可变对象 */
        NSArray *array1     = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
        NSArray *arrayCopy1 = [array1 copy];
        //arrayCopy1是和array同一个NSArray对象(指向相同的对象),包括array里面的元素也是指向相同的指针
        NSLog(@"array1 retain count: %d",[array1 retainCount]);      // 2
        NSLog(@"array1 retain count: %d",[arrayCopy1 retainCount]);    //  2
    
        NSMutableArray *mArrayCopy1 = [array1 mutableCopy];
        //mArrayCopy1是array1的可变副本,指向的对象和array1不同,但是其中的元素和array1中的元素指向的还是同一个对象。mArrayCopy1还可以修改自己的对象
        [mArrayCopy1 addObject:@"de"];
        [mArrayCopy1 removeObjectAtIndex:0];

    array1和arrayCopy1是指针复制,而mArrayCopy1是对象复制,符合前面示例1讨论的结论。mArrayCopy1可以改变其内的元素:删除或添加。但容器内的元素内容都是浅拷贝。

    示例4

        NSArray *mArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"a"],@"b",@"c",nil];
        NSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]);
        NSArray *mArrayCopy2 = [mArray1 copy];
        NSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]);
        // mArray1和mArrayCopy2指向同一对象,retain值+1。
    
        NSMutableArray *mArrayMCopy1 = [mArray1 mutableCopy];
        NSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]);
        //mArrayCopy2和mArray1指向的是不一样的对象,但是其中的元素都是一样的对象——同一个指针
    
        NSMutableString *testString = [mArray1 objectAtIndex:0];
        //testString = @"1a1";//这样会改变testString的指针,其实是将@“1a1”临时对象赋给了testString
        [testString appendString:@" tail"];//这样以上三个数组的首元素都被改变了

    由此可见,对于容器而言,其元素对象始终是指针复制。如果需要元素对象也是对象复制,就需要实现深拷贝。

    示例5

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"first"] ,[NSString stringWithString:@"b"],@"c",nil];
    NSArray *deepCopyArray=[[NSArray alloc] initWithArray: array copyItems: YES];
    NSLog(@"array[2] = %@, deepCopyArray[2]=%@ ",[array objectAtIndex:2], [deepCopyArray objectAtIndex:2]);  //输出值是一样的
    NSLog(@"array[2]         %p", [array objectAtIndex:2]);
    NSLog(@"deepCopyArray[2] %p", [deepCopyArray objectAtIndex:2]);   
      //最后两个打印的log内存地址值是一样的
    
    
    NSArray* trueDeepCopyArray = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: array]];

    trueDeepCopyArray 是完全意义上的深拷贝,而deepCopyArray则不是,对于 deepCopyArray 内的不可变元素其还是指针复制。

    自己实现深拷贝的方法 NSDictionaryMutableDeepCopy.h

    #import <foundation /Foundation.h>
    @interface NSDictionary(MutableDeepCopy)
    - (NSMutableDictionary *)mutableDeepCopy;
    @end

    NSDictionaryMutableDeepCopy.m

    #import "NSDictionaryMutableDeepCopy.h"
    @implementation NSDictionary(MutableDeepCopy)
    - (NSMutableDictionary *)mutableDeepCopy {
        NSMutableDictionary *ret = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
                                    initWithCapacity:[self count]];
        NSArray *keys = [self allKeys];
        for (id key in keys) {
            id oneValue = [self valueForKey:key];
            id oneCopy = nil;
            if ([oneValue respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableDeepCopy)]) {
                oneCopy = [oneValue mutableDeepCopy];
            }
            else if ([oneValue respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableCopy)]) {
                oneCopy = [oneValue mutableCopy];
            }
            if (oneCopy == nil) {
                oneCopy = [oneValue copy];
            }
            [ret setValue:oneCopy forKey:key];
        }
        return ret;
    }

    使用类别方法来实现 
    如果是我们定义的对象,那么我们自己要实现NSCopying,NSMutableCopying这样就能调用copy和mutablecopy了。举个例子

    @interface MyObj : NSObject<nscopying ,NSMutableCopying>
    {
             NSMutableString *name;
             NSString *imutableStr;
             int age;
    }
    @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableString *name;
    @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *imutableStr;
    @property (nonatomic) int age;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation MyObj
    @synthesize name;
    @synthesize age;
    @synthesize imutableStr;
    - (id)init
    {
             if (self = [super init])
             {
                       self.name = [[NSMutableString alloc]init];
                       self.imutableStr = [[NSString alloc]init];
                       age = -1;
             }
             return self;
    }
    
    - (void)dealloc
    {
             [name release];
             [imutableStr release];
             [super dealloc];
    }
    - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
    {
             MyObj *copy = [[[self class] allocWithZone:zone] init];
             copy->name = [name copy];
             copy->imutableStr = [imutableStr copy];
    //       copy->name = [name copyWithZone:zone];;
    //       copy->imutableStr = [name copyWithZone:zone];//
             copy->age = age;
             return copy;
    }
    - (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
    {
        MyObj *copy = NSCopyObject(self, 0, zone);
        copy->name = [self.name mutableCopy];
        copy->age = age;
        return copy;
    }
    @end
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jiuyi/p/10120745.html
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