第四章 Centos7下部署Kubernetes的Dashboard-2.1.0

一、简介

Dashboard 是基于网页的 Kubernetes 用户界面。您可以使用 Dashboard 将容器应用部署到 Kubernetes 集群中，也可以对容器应用排错，还能管理集群本身及其附属资源。您可以使用 Dashboard 获取运行在集群中的应用的概览信息，也可以创建或者修改 Kubernetes 资源（如 Deployment，Job，DaemonSet 等等）。例如，您可以对 Deployment 实现弹性伸缩、发起滚动升级、重启 Pod 或者使用向导创建新的应用。

二、生成Dashboard

#1.浏览器打开，复制dashboard清单
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/v2.1.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

#生成dashboard
[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# mkdir delopyment
[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# vi delopyment/kube-dashboard.yaml 

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.1.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

三、查看镜像

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# cat delopyment/kube-dashboard.yaml |grep imag
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.1.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6

四、部署Dashboard

#1.部署dashboard
[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl apply -f delopyment/kube-dashboard.yaml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

#2.查看pod
[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-79c5968bdc-q62h5   1/1     Running   0          106s
kubernetes-dashboard-7448ffc97b-7f7gg        1/1     Running   0          107s

五、修改对外服务端口

#1.修改对外服务端口
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# kubectl edit svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
... ...
  type: NodePort
... ...

#2.查看端口映射
[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.106.254.133   <none>        8000/TCP        7m29s
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.98.245.78     <none>        443:31424/TCP   7m29s

六、访问测试

https://192.168.13.113:31424

七、获取Token

1.编写Token文件

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# vi delopyment/token.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system

2.部署Token

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl  apply  -f delopyment/token.yaml 
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created

3.获取Token

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         admin-user-token-lv7qr
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: e3c0c1f0-65a0-4588-bba2-58845639883c

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InUtckNQdnlZV3o1a3F6X3k1aUFsdjJydXBEZU1mbTRObUlmalV2dk0wOE0ifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLWx2N3FyIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiJlM2MwYzFmMC02NWEwLTQ1ODgtYmJhMi01ODg0NTYzOTg4M2MiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.jXhfXkADAXV6WWbDTAlEtnBhIlBVzzErCQMsdvufA67lptNlV_1GW6nIpm-hU5V9plRpascvpv7vi2f00jIGnhGbi3WNZQWB7ELVYUamcHxoZRbFc4BO8DTk2XtsxWfGnff5siqlsWYaUiBvsXkccsx7u93VrFpPgcYUfnRal1vp7Urir461KjincGsxD_aIsNbQZcYUz4ARuJ4EJpO5ZeMuQEfW4HhfoTO23Eku809RQnjosJ7bdGYS8TFotfrCQyqKxi2y3DI2jWA_2nrEXLTK1UPhRJJe5qJD-xXdTctz73ZZGQ1FobfA3p6nnmJZbvgLISHNuXiS044B9Nkj2A
ca.crt:     1066 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes

4.正常访问

输入Token，正常访问

八、Kubeconfig的方式方式登录

基于token的基础之上，进行以下操作：

1.查看刚才创建的Token

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user
admin-user-token-lv7qr                           kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      9m31s

2.查看Token的详细信息，会获取token

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system admin-user-token-lv7qr
Name:         admin-user-token-lv7qr
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: e3c0c1f0-65a0-4588-bba2-58845639883c

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1066 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InUtckNQdnlZV3o1a3F6X3k1aUFsdjJydXBEZU1mbTRObUlmalV2dk0wOE0ifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLWx2N3FyIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiJlM2MwYzFmMC02NWEwLTQ1ODgtYmJhMi01ODg0NTYzOTg4M2MiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.jXhfXkADAXV6WWbDTAlEtnBhIlBVzzErCQMsdvufA67lptNlV_1GW6nIpm-hU5V9plRpascvpv7vi2f00jIGnhGbi3WNZQWB7ELVYUamcHxoZRbFc4BO8DTk2XtsxWfGnff5siqlsWYaUiBvsXkccsx7u93VrFpPgcYUfnRal1vp7Urir461KjincGsxD_aIsNbQZcYUz4ARuJ4EJpO5ZeMuQEfW4HhfoTO23Eku809RQnjosJ7bdGYS8TFotfrCQyqKxi2y3DI2jWA_2nrEXLTK1UPhRJJe5qJD-xXdTctz73ZZGQ1FobfA3p6nnmJZbvgLISHNuXiS044B9Nkj2A

3.将Token的信息生成一个变量

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# DASH_TOKEN=$(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system admin-user-token-lv7qr -o jsonpath={.data.token} | base64 -d)

4.将k8s集群的配置信息写入到一个文件中，文件可自定义

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernets --server=192.168.13.113:6443 --kubeconfig=/root/.dashboard-admin.conf
Cluster "kubernets" set.

5.将Token的信息也写入到文件中（同一个文件）

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl config set-credentials dashboard-admin --token=${DASH_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=/root/.dashboard-admin.conf
User "dashboard-admin" set.

6.将用户信息也写入文件中（同一个文件）

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl config set-context dashboard-admin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=dashboard-admin --kubeconfig=/root/.dashboard-admin.conf
Context "dashboard-admin@kubernetes" created.

7.将上下文的配置信息也写入文件中（同一个文件）

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# kubectl config use-context dashboard-admin@kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.dashboard-admin.conf
Switched to context "dashboard-admin@kubernetes".

8.最后将配置信息导入到客户端本地

[root@k8s-master-001 ~]# sz /root/.dashboard-admin.conf

9.访问测试

https://192.168.13.113:31424