• 数学题一


    1、Knights in Chessboard LightOJ - 1010

      题意:在n*m的棋盘上最多能放马多少个?

      思路:设n最小。如果n为1,则可以放m个;如果n=2,可以放满一个田,空一个田,再放,最后剩下的为min(4,m%4*2);其他,则最多可以放棋盘的一半。

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<algorithm>
     3 #include<cstdio>
     4 using namespace std;
     5 int main()
     6 {
     7     int t;
     8     scanf("%d", &t);
     9     int Case = 1;
    10     while (t--)
    11     {
    12         int n, m;
    13         scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    14         if (m < n) n = n ^ m, m = n ^ m, n = n ^ m;
    15         if (n == 1) printf("Case %d: %d
    ", Case++, m);
    16         else if (n == 2) printf("Case %d: %d
    ", Case++, m / 4 * 4 + min(4, m % 4 * 2));
    17         else printf("Case %d: %d
    ", Case++,(n*m+1)/2);
    18     }
    19 
    20 
    21     return 0;
    22 }
    View Code

     2、A Childhood Game LightOJ - 1020

      题意:两个人轮流拿石头,每次只能拿1个或2个。如果Bob先手,拿到最后一块石头的人获胜;如果Alice先手,拿到最后一块石头的人失败。给出若干询问,求获胜者。

      思路:找到必败态和必胜态。

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<cstdio>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 int main()
     5 {
     6     int t,Case=1;
     7     scanf("%d", &t);
     8     while (t--)
     9     {
    10         int num;
    11         char name[10];
    12         scanf("%d%s", &num, name);
    13         if (name[0] == 'B')
    14         {
    15             if (num%3==0) printf("Case %d: Alice
    ", Case++);
    16             else printf("Case %d: Bob
    ", Case++);
    17         }
    18         else
    19         {
    20             if ((num-1)%3==0) printf("Case %d: Bob
    ", Case++);
    21             else printf("Case %d: Alice
    ",Case++);
    22         }
    23     }
    24     return 0;
    25 }
    View Code

     3、Integer Divisibility LightOJ - 1078

      题意:求n的倍数中只含有k这个数字的数的最小位数。

      思路:同余定理。对每次数位+1,只需要原数对n取膜的结果,因为即使带上整除n的部分不断*10最后仍能整除n,反而可能由于数过大而错误。

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<cstdio>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 int main()
     5 {
     6     int t;
     7     int Case = 1;
     8     scanf("%d", &t);
     9     while (t--)
    10     {
    11         int n, k;
    12         scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
    13         int ans = k % n;
    14         int bits = 1;
    15         while (ans%n)
    16         {
    17             ans = (ans * 10 + k%n) % n;
    18             bits++;
    19         }
    20         printf("Case %d: %d
    ",Case++, bits);
    21     }
    22     return 0;
    23 }
    View Code

     4、Ekka Dokka LightOJ - 1116

      题意:如果w可以由一个奇数和偶数乘积得到,输出奇数最小时的方案。

      思路:判断w的奇偶性。偶数时不断除2。

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<cstdio>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 int main()
     5 {
     6     int t;
     7     scanf("%d", &t);
     8     int Case = 1;
     9     while (t--)
    10     {
    11         unsigned long long w;
    12         scanf("%lld", &w);
    13         if (w % 2 == 1) printf("Case %d: Impossible
    ", Case++);
    14         else
    15         {
    16             long long init = w;
    17             while (w % 2 == 0) w /= 2;
    18             printf("Case %d: %lld %lld
    ", Case++, w,init/w);
    19         }
    20     }
    21     return 0;
    22 }
    View Code

     5、Mad Counting LightOJ - 1148

      题意:询问n个人,每个说出除他自己外镇里支持自己喜欢的球队的人数。求小镇的最小人数。

      思路:对于总支持人数都为a的有k个人,如果k整除a,说明至少有k/a只球队,否则有k/a+1只球队,每只球队支持人数都为a个人。

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<cstdio>
     3 #include<map>
     4 #include<set>
     5 using namespace std;
     6 int main()
     7 {
     8     int t;
     9     scanf("%d", &t);
    10     int Case = 1;
    11     while (t--)
    12     {
    13         int n;
    14         scanf("%d", &n);
    15         set<int>s;
    16         map<int, int>mp;
    17         for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    18         {
    19             int num;
    20             scanf("%d", &num);
    21             s.insert(num);
    22             if (!mp.count(num)) mp[num] = 0;
    23             mp[num]++;
    24         }
    25         int ans=0;
    26         set<int>::iterator it = s.begin();
    27         for (; it != s.end(); it++)
    28         {
    29             ans += (mp[(*it)] / (*it + 1))*(*it + 1)+((mp[*it] % (*it + 1) == 0) ? 0 : (*it + 1));
    30         }
    31         printf("Case %d: %d
    ", Case++, ans);
    32     }
    33     return 0;
    34 }
    View Code

     6、Josephus Problem LightOJ - 1179

      题意:有t个询问,每次有n个人,数到k的人死去,求最后存活的人的编号。

      思路:约瑟夫环问题。假设编号从0开始,数到dis的那个人死去。已知总共i-1人时第survive(i-1)个人最后活着,那么总共i个人时,如果第一次死去1个人,那么将他之后的人重新编号.最后活的人是新编号后的survive(i-1).这个survive(i-1)人的编号在总共i个人时的映射编号为survive(i)=(survive(i-1)+dis)%i.

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<cstdio>
     3 using namespace std;
     4 int main()
     5 {
     6     int t;
     7     scanf("%d", &t);
     8     int Case = 1;
     9     while (t--)
    10     {
    11         int n, dis;
    12         scanf("%d%d", &n, &dis);
    13         int survive = 0;//1个人时,最后活的是他自己,假设编号从0开始
    14         for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
    15         {
    16             //假设编号从0开始,数到dis的那个人死去。已知总共i-1人时第survive个人最后活着,那么总共i个人时,如果第一次死去1个人,那么将他之后的人重新编号最后活的人时survive.这个survive人的编号在总共i个人时的映射编号为(survive+dis)%i.
    17             survive = (survive + dis) % i;
    18         }
    19         printf("Case %d: %d
    ", Case++, survive+1);
    20     }
    21     return 0;
    22 }
    View Code

     7、Large Division LightOJ - 1214

      题意:求一个大数(-10200 ≤ a ≤ 10200)是否能被int型整数b除。

      思路:大数除法

    string:

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<string>
     3 #include<cmath>
     4 #include<cstdio>
     5 using namespace std;
     6 void D_M(string &a, int b, string &d, string &m)
     7 {//求一个大数除以一个int范围内的整数的商和余数
     8     long long beichu = 0;
     9     int c = a.length();
    10     int sthead = 0;
    11     if (a[0] == '-') sthead = 1;//略去负号
    12     string tmp;
    13     for (int i = sthead; i < c; i++)
    14     {
    15         beichu = beichu * 10 + a[i] - '0';
    16         tmp.push_back(beichu / b + '0');
    17         beichu = beichu % b;
    18     }
    19     while (beichu)
    20     {
    21         m.push_back(beichu % 10 + '0');
    22         beichu /= 10;
    23     }
    24     if (m == "") m.push_back('0');
    25     int led = m.length() - 1, st = 0;
    26     while (st < led)
    27     {
    28         char tc = m[st];
    29         m[st] = m[led];
    30         m[led] = tc;
    31         st++;
    32         led--;
    33     }
    34     int cur = 0, sz = tmp.length();
    35     while (cur < sz&&tmp[cur] == '0') cur++;
    36     if (cur == sz) d = "0";
    37     else d = &tmp[cur];
    38 }
    39 
    40 int main()
    41 {
    42     int t;
    43     scanf("%d", &t);
    44     int Case = 1;
    45     while (t--)
    46     {
    47         string a, d="",c="";
    48         int b;
    49         cin >> a;
    50         scanf("%d", &b);
    51         D_M(a, abs(b), c, d);
    52         if (d == "0") printf("Case %d: divisible
    ", Case++);
    53         else printf("Case %d: not divisible
    ", Case++);
    54     }
    55     return 0;
    56 }
    View Code

     char *:

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<string>
     3 #include<cmath>
     4 #include<cstdio>
     5 using namespace std;
     6 void Div_of_BigNum(char *chu, int beichu, char *shang, char *yushu)
     7 {
     8     int st = 0;
     9     int pt_shang = 0, pt_yushu = 0;
    10     if (chu[0] == '-') st = 1;
    11     bool isfu = false;
    12     if ((st&&beichu > 0) || (st == 0 && beichu < 0))
    13     {
    14         shang[pt_shang++] = '-';
    15         isfu = true;
    16     }
    17     if (beichu < 0) beichu = -beichu;
    18     long long tmp = 0;
    19     for (int i = st; chu[i] != ''; i++)
    20     {
    21         tmp = tmp * 10 + chu[i] - '0';
    22         if (tmp >= beichu) shang[pt_shang++] = '0' + tmp / beichu;
    23         tmp = tmp % beichu;
    24     }
    25     if (tmp)
    26     {
    27         int t_len = 0, ttmp = tmp;
    28         while (ttmp) ttmp /= 10, t_len++;
    29         for (int i = t_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) yushu[i] = '0' + tmp % 10, tmp /= 10;
    30         pt_yushu = t_len;
    31     }
    32     else yushu[pt_yushu++] = '0';
    33     shang[pt_shang] = yushu[pt_yushu] = '';
    34 }
    35 char s[210], dst[210], yu[210];
    36 int main()
    37 {
    38     int t;
    39     scanf("%d", &t);
    40     int Case = 1;
    41     while (t--)
    42     {
    43         int b;
    44         scanf("%s%d",s, &b);
    45         Div_of_BigNum(s,b,dst,yu);
    46         if (yu[0] =='0') printf("Case %d: divisible
    ", Case++);
    47         else printf("Case %d: not divisible
    ", Case++);
    48     }
    49     return 0;
    50 }
    View Code

     只判断能否被整除:

     1 #include<iostream>
     2 #include<string>
     3 #include<cmath>
     4 #include<cstdio>
     5 using namespace std;
     6 bool Div_of_BigNum(char *chu, int beichu)
     7 {
     8     int st = 0;
     9     int pt_shang = 0, pt_yushu = 0;
    10     if (chu[0] == '-') st = 1;
    11     if (beichu < 0) beichu = -beichu;
    12     long long tmp = 0;
    13     for (int i = st; chu[i] != ''; i++)
    14     {
    15         tmp = tmp * 10 + chu[i] - '0';
    16         tmp = tmp % beichu;
    17     }
    18     if (tmp) return false;
    19     else return true;
    20 }
    21 char s[210];
    22 int main()
    23 {
    24     int t;
    25     scanf("%d", &t);
    26     int Case = 1;
    27     while (t--)
    28     {
    29         int b;
    30         scanf("%s%d",s, &b);
    31         if (Div_of_BigNum(s, b)) printf("Case %d: divisible
    ", Case++);
    32         else printf("Case %d: not divisible
    ", Case++);
    33     }
    34     return 0;
    35 }
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ivan-count/p/8580807.html
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