问题描述
一开始使用pyenv安装了python 3.9.6版本之后，pyenv居然失灵了，切换不到任何版本去了，一气之下，删掉pyenv（rm -rf ~/.pyenv）直接源码安装。
步骤如下：
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到官网https://www.python.org/downloads/下载最新的tar包
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解压后执行：
./configure --prefix=/opt/python-3.9.6 make make install -
安装完成后，pip不能正常使用，即便是查看已安装包都会出现core dump
$ python3 -V Python 3.9.6 $ pip3 list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 21.1.3 setuptools 56.0.0 Segmentation fault (core dumped) $ python3 -m pip list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 21.1.3 setuptools 56.0.0 Segmentation fault (core dumped)
解决方法
找了半天没有找到答案，最后只能硬着头皮去调试pip3的代码，结果发现跟SSL有关（后面会描述如何发现的，这里先说解决方法）。
官网https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0644/也说了要求OpenSSL 1.1.1及以上版本（“Require OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer”），而我自己机器上的是1.1.0版本的。
$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.0h-fips 27 Mar 2018
解决办法：
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到OpenSSL官网https://www.openssl.org/source/下载1.1.1版本的tar包
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解压后执行：
./config make make install -
安装完成后，查看OpenSSL版本报错：
$ openssl version openssl: /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1: version `OPENSSL_1_1_1' not found (required by openssl) openssl: /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1: version `OPENSSL_1_1_1' not found (required by openssl)解决办法：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64 # 最好写入 ~/.bashrc 或 /etc/profile 中去 $ openssl version OpenSSL 1.1.1k 25 Mar 2021 -
这个时候以为问题解决了，重新执行 pip3 list 仍然会出现 core dump，折腾了一天，差点都想放弃了，后来一想，python编译时链接的还是原来的旧库，所有需要重新编译python。回到 python 源码解压目录执行：
make distclean # 把上一次编译过程中留下的余孽清理干净 ./configure --prefix=/opt/python-3.9.6 make make install -
完事后，再试，大功告成！
$ pip3 list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 21.2.1 setuptools 56.0.0 $ python3 -m pip list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 21.2.1 setuptools 56.0.0 $ pip list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 21.2.1 setuptools 56.0.0
分析过程
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网上搜答案，没有雷同的，苦恼！
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想尝试去调试Core dump吧，即便执行了 ulimit -c unlimited ，也不会在当前目录中生成 core file，最后发现 core file 在下面这个目录，汗！
/var/lib/systemd/coredump -
有了 core file，咋调试？ 执行 gdb /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3 core-file 根本就打印不出 backtrace 出来，因为 pip3 本身是个 python 文本文件，而不是二进制可执行程序。
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好吧，调试 pip3 这个 python 文件：
$ python -m pdb /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3 list > /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3(3)<module>() -> import re (Pdb) b /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py:483 Breakpoint 1 at /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py:483 (Pdb) c Package Version ---------- ------- pip 21.1.3 setuptools 56.0.0 > /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py(483)__new__() -> self = _SSLContext.__new__(cls, protocol) (Pdb) where /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/bdb.py(580)run() -> exec(cmd, globals, locals) <string>(1)<module>() /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3(8)<module>() -> sys.exit(main()) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py(71)main() -> return command.main(cmd_args) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py(104)main() -> return self._main(args) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py(221)_main() -> self.handle_pip_version_check(options) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py(147)handle_pip_version_check() -> pip_self_version_check(session, options) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py(152)pip_self_version_check() -> best_candidate = finder.find_best_candidate("pip").best_candidate /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py(879)find_best_candidate() -> candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py(824)find_all_candidates() -> page_candidates = list(page_candidates_it) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py(134)page_candidates() -> yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py(783)process_project_url() -> html_page = self._link_collector.fetch_page(project_url) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py(512)fetch_page() -> return _get_html_page(location, session=self.session) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py(422)_get_html_page() -> resp = _get_html_response(url, session=session) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py(120)_get_html_response() -> resp = session.get( /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py(555)get() -> return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py(449)request() -> return super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py(542)request() -> resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py(655)send() -> r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py(53)send() -> resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py(439)send() -> resp = conn.urlopen( /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py(699)urlopen() -> httplib_response = self._make_request( /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py(382)_make_request() -> self._validate_conn(conn) /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py(1010)_validate_conn() -> conn.connect() /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py(392)connect() -> self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context( /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py(281)create_urllib3_context() -> context = SSLContext(ssl_version or PROTOCOL_TLS) > /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py(483)__new__() -> self = _SSLContext.__new__(cls, protocol) <=========== 这里已经进不去了，core就出现在这一步，看名字就是跟SSL有关吧 (Pdb) p cls <class 'ssl.SSLContext'> (Pdb) p protocol <_SSLMethod.PROTOCOL_TLS: 2> (Pdb) s Segmentation fault (core dumped) -
看到SSL立马去搜 python +SSL 关键字，才发现官网的这个说明https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0644/，也就有了去尝试安装 OpenSSL 1.1.1 的想法。
这一切的一切都源于本来想安装 pypiwin32 这个包，想用它来分析windows系统日志，windows上装成功了，linux上没有装成功，然后以为是旧版本的问题去装新版本，折腾了一天，烧死多少脑细胞，就搞个环境问题，不过，生命在于折腾嘛！