随着新版本的Spark已经逐渐稳定，最近拟将原有框架升级到spark 2.0。还是比较兴奋的，特别是SQL的速度真的快了许多。。
然而，在其中一个操作时却卡住了。主要是dataframe.map操作，这个之前在spark 1.X是可以运行的，然而在spark 2.0上却无法通过。。
看了提醒的问题，主要是：
Error:(18, 54) Unable to find encoder for type stored in a Dataset. Primitive types (Int, String, etc) and Product types (case classes) are supported by importing spark.implicits._ Support for serializing other types will be added in future releases.
val dsAvgTemp = ds.filter(d => {d.temp > 20}).map(d => (d.temp,d.humidity,d.cca3)).groupBy($"_3").avg()
针对这个问题，网上所得获取的资料还真不多。不过想着肯定是dataset统一了datframe与rdd之后就出现了新的要求。
经过查看spark官方文档，对spark有了一条这样的描述。
Dataset is Spark SQL’s strongly-typed API for working with structured data, i.e. records with a known schema.
Datasets are lazy and structured query expressions are only triggered when an action is invoked. Internally, aDataset represents a logical plan that describes the computation query required to produce the data (for a givenSpark SQL session).
A Dataset is a result of executing a query expression against data storage like files, Hive tables or JDBC databases. The structured query expression can be described by a SQL query, a Column-based SQL expression or a Scala/Java lambda function. And that is why Dataset operations are available in three variants.
从这可以看出，要想对dataset进行操作，需要进行相应的encode操作。特别是官网给的例子
// No pre-defined encoders for Dataset[Map[K,V]], define explicitly
implicit val mapEncoder = org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders.kryo[Map[String, Any]]
// Primitive types and case classes can be also defined as
// implicit val stringIntMapEncoder: Encoder[Map[String, Any]] = ExpressionEncoder()
// row.getValuesMap[T] retrieves multiple columns at once into a Map[String, T]
teenagersDF.map(teenager => teenager.getValuesMap[Any](List("name", "age"))).collect()
// Array(Map("name" -> "Justin", "age" -> 19))
从这看出，要进行map操作，要先定义一个Encoder。
这就增加了系统升级繁重的工作量了。为了更简单一些，幸运的dataset也提供了转化RDD的操作。因此只需要将之前dataframe.map
在中间修改为：dataframe.rdd.map即可。
本文来自：http://blog.csdn.net/sparkexpert/article/details/52871000