• 20190321-用类做一个简单的学生成绩管理系统


    要求:

    用类实现学生的成绩管理,要求实现如下功能:

      1.能够获取学生的对应学科成绩、总成绩、平均成绩;

      2.能够获取某一个班级的某一科成绩的最高分的学生

      3.能够获取某一班级的总成绩最高分的学生

    算法:

    基于以上要求,设计学生类和班级类2个类来分别管理学生和班级信息,学生的信息包括姓名,班级,科目以及成绩;班级的类的信息包括班级名称,班级包含的学生;

    第一步:编写学生类,基于功能要求实现如下代码:

    class Student(object):
        '''学生类'''
        def __init__(self,name,class_no):
            self.name = name
            self.class_no = class_no
            self.total_subject = {}#使用字典存储学生各科成绩
    
        def __getitem__(self, subject):
            '''使用内置函数__getitem__实现获取科目分数'''
            if subject not in self.total_subject.keys():
                return None
            return self.total_subject[subject]
        
        def __setitem__(self, subject, score):
            '''使用内置函数__setitem__实现添加设置科目及分数功能'''
            if score>0 and score<=100 and isinstance(score,int):
                self.total_subject[subject] = score
            else:
                print('输入的分数必须为数字且0-100之间')
    
        def get_student_name(self):
            '''获取学生姓名'''
            return self.name
    
        def get_class_no(self):
            '''获取学生所在班级'''
            return self.class_no
        
        def get_all_score(self):
            '''获取所有学科和分数'''
            return self.total_subject
        
        def get_highest_score(self):
            '''获取最高分学科和分数'''
            if self.total_subject:
                return sorted(self.total_subject.items(),key = lambda x:x[1],reverse = True)[0]
            else:
                return None
            
        def get_avg_score(self):
            '''获取平均分'''
            if self.total_subject:
                return round(sum(self.total_subject.values())/len(self.total_subject),2)
            else:
                return None
            
        def get_total_score(self):
            '''获取总分'''
            return sum(self.total_subject.values())

     第二步:编写班级类如下:

    class Class_No():
        '''班级类'''
        def __init__(self,class_name):
            self.class_name = class_name
            self.students = []
            
        def set_class_name(self,name):
            self.class_name = class_name
            
        def get_class_name(self,name):
            return self.class_name
        
        def add_student(self,student):
            '''添加班级学生,存储的数据是学生的类的实例对象'''
            self.students.append(student)
            
        def get_specific_subject_highest_score(self,subject):
            '''获取某一科目的最高分和对应学生'''
            max_score = -1
            max_score_student = ''
            if not self.students:
                return None
            for student_obj in self.students:
                if student_obj[subject]!=None and student_obj[subject]>max_score:
                    max_score = student_obj[subject]
                    max_score_student = student_obj.get_student_name()
            return max_score_student,subject,max_score
        
        def get_total_higest_socre_student(self):
            '''获取总分最高的学生和对应总分'''
            max_score = -1
            max_score_student = ''
            if not self.students:
                return None
            for student_obj in self.students:
                if student_obj.get_total_score() !=None and student_obj.get_total_score() >max_score:
                    max_score = student_obj.get_total_score()
                    max_score_student = student_obj.get_student_name()
            return max_score_student,max_score

     第三步:造测试数据

    #创建测试用例
    #先创建100个学生
    temp = []
    for i in range(100):
        import random
        name = ('DaiHao'+str(i))
        class_no = random.choice(['07计本2班','07计本1班','08计本2班','06艺术1班'])
        name = Student(name,class_no)
        name['语文'] = random.randint(60,100)
        name['数学'] = random.randint(60,100)
        name['英语'] = random.randint(60,100)
        temp.append(name)
    #根据班级创建对应的实例
    Seven_one = Class_No('07计本1班')
    Seven_two = Class_No('07计本2班')
    Eight_two = Class_No('08计本2班')
    Six_one = Class_No('06艺术1班')
    for obj in temp:
        if obj.get_class_no() =='07计本1班':
            Seven_one.add_student(obj)
        elif obj.get_class_no() =='07计本2班':
            Seven_two.add_student(obj)
        elif obj.get_class_no() =='08计本2班':
            Eight_two.add_student(obj)
        elif obj.get_class_no() =='06艺术1班':
            Six_one.add_student(obj)
    #打印07计本1班语文最高分
    print(Seven_one.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))
    #打印07计本2班语文最高分
    print(Seven_two.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))
    #打印08计本2班语文最高分
    print(Eight_two.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))
    #打印06艺术1班语文最高分
    print(Six_one.get_specific_subject_highest_score('语文'))
    
    #打印07计本1班总分最高分
    print(Seven_one.get_total_higest_socre_student())
    #打印07计本2班总分最高分
    print(Seven_two.get_total_higest_socre_student())
    #打印08计本2班总分最高分
    print(Eight_two.get_total_higest_socre_student())
    
    #打印06艺术1班总分最高分
    print(Six_one.get_total_higest_socre_student())
    
    #打印06艺术1班所有学生成绩
    for student,each_score in Six_one.get_all_student_score().items():
        print('-'*30+student+'-'*30)
        for subject,score in each_score.items():
            print(subject,score)

     Tips:班级类里面的student里面存的是学生的实例对象,后续方法调用需要使用学生类的实例方法调用获取数据

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hyj691001/p/10574879.html
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