• Python之路【第二篇】:Python基础(一)


    基本数据类型:

    int

    ['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__hash__', '__hex__', '__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real']
    View Code
    Help on class int in module __builtin__:
    
    class int(object)
     |  int(x[, base]) -> integer
     |  
     |  Convert a string or number to an integer, if possible.  A floating point
     |  argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a string
     |  representation of a floating point number!)  When converting a string, use
     |  the optional base.  It is an error to supply a base when converting a
     |  non-string.  If base is zero, the proper base is guessed based on the
     |  string content.  If the argument is outside the integer range a
     |  long object will be returned instead.
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __abs__(...)
     |      x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
     |  
     |  __add__(...)
     |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
     |  
     |  __and__(...)
     |      x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
     |  
     |  __cmp__(...)
     |      x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
     |  
     |  __coerce__(...)
     |      x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
     |  
     |  __div__(...)
     |      x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
     |  
     |  __divmod__(...)
     |      x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
     |  
     |  __float__(...)
     |      x.__float__() <==> float(x)
     |  
     |  __floordiv__(...)
     |      x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y
     |  
     |  __format__(...)
     |  
     |  __getattribute__(...)
     |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
     |  
     |  __getnewargs__(...)
     |  
     |  __hash__(...)
     |      x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
     |  
     |  __hex__(...)
     |      x.__hex__() <==> hex(x)
     |  
     |  __index__(...)
     |      x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()]
     |  
     |  __int__(...)
     |      x.__int__() <==> int(x)
    ...skipping...
     |  
     |  __trunc__(...)
     |      Truncating an Integral returns itself.
     |  
     |  __xor__(...)
     |      x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
     |  
     |  conjugate(...)
     |      Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  denominator
     |      the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
     |  
     |  imag
     |      the imaginary part of a complex number
     |  
     |  numerator
     |      the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
     |  
     |  real
     |      the real part of a complex number
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
    View Code

     long

    ['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__hash__', '__hex__', '__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real']
    View Code
    Help on class long in module __builtin__:
    
    class long(object)
     |  long(x[, base]) -> integer
     |  
     |  Convert a string or number to a long integer, if possible.  A floating
     |  point argument will be truncated towards zero (this does not include a
     |  string representation of a floating point number!)  When converting a
     |  string, use the optional base.  It is an error to supply a base when
     |  converting a non-string.
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __abs__(...)
     |      x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
     |  
     |  __add__(...)
     |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
     |  
     |  __and__(...)
     |      x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
     |  
     |  __cmp__(...)
     |      x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
     |  
     |  __coerce__(...)
     |      x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
     |  
     |  __div__(...)
     |      x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
    ...skipping...
     |  
     |  __trunc__(...)
     |      Truncating an Integral returns itself.
     |  
     |  __xor__(...)
     |      x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y
     |  
     |  conjugate(...)
     |      Returns self, the complex conjugate of any long.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  denominator
     |      the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms
     |  
     |  imag
     |      the imaginary part of a complex number
     |  
     |  numerator
     |      the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms
     |  
     |  real
     |      the real part of a complex number
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
    View Code

    float

    ['__abs__', '__add__', '__class__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getformat__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__int__', '__le__', '__long__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__rpow__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__setattr__', '__setformat__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', 'as_integer_ratio', 'conjugate', 'fromhex', 'hex', 'imag', 'is_integer', 'real']
    View Code
    Help on class float in module __builtin__:
    
    class float(object)
     |  float(x) -> floating point number
     |  
     |  Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __abs__(...)
     |      x.__abs__() <==> abs(x)
     |  
     |  __add__(...)
     |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
     |  
     |  __coerce__(...)
     |      x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y)
     |  
     |  __div__(...)
     |      x.__div__(y) <==> x/y
     |  
     |  __divmod__(...)
     |      x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y)
     |  
     |  __eq__(...)
     |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
     |  
     |  __float__(...)
     |      x.__float__() <==> float(x)
     |  
    ...skipping...
     |      used in Python's test suite.
     |      
     |      typestr must be 'double' or 'float'.  This function returns whichever of
     |      'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the
     |      format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr.
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
     |  
     |  __setformat__ = <built-in method __setformat__ of type object>
     |      float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None
     |      
     |      You probably don't want to use this function.  It exists mainly to be
     |      used in Python's test suite.
     |      
     |      typestr must be 'double' or 'float'.  fmt must be one of 'unknown',
     |      'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be
     |      one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality.
     |      
     |      Overrides the automatic determination of C-level floating point type.
     |      This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings.
     |  
     |  fromhex = <built-in method fromhex of type object>
     |      float.fromhex(string) -> float
     |      
     |      Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string.
     |      >>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10')
     |      2047.984375
     |      >>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074')
     |      -4.9406564584124654e-324
    View Code

    str

    ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
    View Code
    Help on class str in module __builtin__:
    
    class str(basestring)
     |  str(object) -> string
     |  
     |  Return a nice string representation of the object.
     |  If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      str
     |      basestring
     |      object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __add__(...)
     |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
     |  
     |  __contains__(...)
     |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
     |  
     |  __eq__(...)
     |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
     |  
     |  __format__(...)
     |      S.__format__(format_spec) -> string
     |  
     |  __ge__(...)
     |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
     |  
    ...skipping...
     |  title(...)
     |      S.title() -> string
     |      
     |      Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
     |      characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
     |  
     |  translate(...)
     |      S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string
     |      
     |      Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
     |      in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
     |      remaining characters have been mapped through the given
     |      translation table, which must be a string of length 256.
     |  
     |  upper(...)
     |      S.upper() -> string
     |      
     |      Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
     |  
     |  zfill(...)
     |      S.zfill(width) -> string
     |      
     |      Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
     |      of the specified width.  The string S is never truncated.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
    View Code

    tuple

    ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index']
    View Code
    Help on class tuple in module __builtin__:
    
    class tuple(object)
     |  tuple() -> empty tuple
     |  tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
     |  
     |  If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __add__(...)
     |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
     |  
     |  __contains__(...)
     |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
     |  
     |  __eq__(...)
     |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
     |  
     |  __ge__(...)
     |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
     |  
     |  __getattribute__(...)
     |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
     |  
     |  __getitem__(...)
     |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
     |  
     |  __getnewargs__(...)
     |  
    ...skipping...
     |  __lt__(...)
     |      x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
     |  
     |  __mul__(...)
     |      x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
     |  
     |  __ne__(...)
     |      x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
     |  
     |  __repr__(...)
     |      x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
     |  
     |  __rmul__(...)
     |      x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
     |  
     |  __sizeof__(...)
     |      T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes
     |  
     |  count(...)
     |      T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
     |  
     |  index(...)
     |      T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
     |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
    View Code

    list

    ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
    View Code
    Help on class list in module __builtin__:
    
    class list(object)
     |  list() -> new empty list
     |  list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __add__(...)
     |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
     |  
     |  __contains__(...)
     |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
     |  
     |  __delitem__(...)
     |      x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
     |  
     |  __delslice__(...)
     |      x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
     |      
     |      Use of negative indices is not supported.
     |  
     |  __eq__(...)
     |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
     |  
     |  __ge__(...)
     |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
     |  
     |  __getattribute__(...)
     |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
    ...skipping...
     |  
     |  index(...)
     |      L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
     |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
     |  
     |  insert(...)
     |      L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
     |  
     |  pop(...)
     |      L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
     |      Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
     |  
     |  remove(...)
     |      L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
     |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
     |  
     |  reverse(...)
     |      L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
     |  
     |  sort(...)
     |      L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
     |      cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __hash__ = None
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
    View Code

    dict

    ['__class__', '__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'clear', 'copy', 'fromkeys', 'get', 'has_key', 'items', 'iteritems', 'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values']
    View Code
    Help on class dict in module __builtin__:
    
    class dict(object)
     |  dict() -> new empty dictionary
     |  dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
     |      (key, value) pairs
     |  dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
     |      d = {}
     |      for k, v in iterable:
     |          d[k] = v
     |  dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
     |      in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __cmp__(...)
     |      x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
     |  
     |  __contains__(...)
     |      D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False
     |  
     |  __delitem__(...)
     |      x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y]
     |  
     |  __eq__(...)
     |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
     |  
     |  __ge__(...)
     |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
     |  
    ...skipping...
     |      D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
     |      If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
     |  
     |  popitem(...)
     |      D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
     |      2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
     |  
     |  setdefault(...)
     |      D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D
     |  
     |  update(...)
     |      D.update(E, **F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
     |      If E has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
     |      If E lacks .keys() method, does:     for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
     |      In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
     |  
     |  values(...)
     |      D.values() -> list of D's values
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __hash__ = None
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
     |  
     |  fromkeys = <built-in method fromkeys of type object>
     |      dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v.
     |      v defaults to None.
    View Code

    set

    ['__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iand__', '__init__', '__ior__', '__isub__', '__iter__', '__ixor__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__or__', '__rand__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__ror__', '__rsub__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__xor__', 'add', 'clear', 'copy', 'difference', 'difference_update', 'discard', 'intersection', 'intersection_update', 'isdisjoint', 'issubset', 'issuperset', 'pop', 'remove', 'symmetric_difference', 'symmetric_difference_update', 'union', 'update']
    View Code
    Help on class set in module __builtin__:
    
    class set(object)
     |  set() -> new empty set object
     |  set(iterable) -> new set object
     |  
     |  Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __and__(...)
     |      x.__and__(y) <==> x&y
     |  
     |  __cmp__(...)
     |      x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y)
     |  
     |  __contains__(...)
     |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.
     |  
     |  __eq__(...)
     |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
     |  
     |  __ge__(...)
     |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
     |  
     |  __getattribute__(...)
     |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
     |  
     |  __gt__(...)
     |      x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
    ...skipping...
     |      Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
     |  
     |  remove(...)
     |      Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
     |      
     |      If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
     |  
     |  symmetric_difference(...)
     |      Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
     |      
     |      (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
     |  
     |  symmetric_difference_update(...)
     |      Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another.
     |  
     |  union(...)
     |      Return the union of sets as a new set.
     |      
     |      (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
     |  
     |  update(...)
     |      Update a set with the union of itself and others.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __hash__ = None
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
    View Code

    迭代器的作用:遍历对象

    生成器的作用:生成器内部基于yield创建,即:对于生成器只有使用时才创建,从而不避免内存浪费

    谢谢
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hyit/p/5199693.html
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