python：selenium测试登录在chrome中闪退

问题描述：使用selenium.webdriver时测试网页，进行自动登录测试总是在登录成功时闪退。使用指定驱动器位置的方式chrome也会闪退

1.正常使用chrome驱动打开一个网页，正常访问

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome

web = Chrome()
web.get("http://www.chaojiying.com/user/login/")

2.在使用selenium测试一个自动登录的程序，测试了很长时间，一直是闪退

chrome版本：版本 99.0.4844.51（正式版本） （64 位）

chromedriver版本：99.0.4844.51

seleniium版本:4.0+

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
from chaojiying import Chaojiying_Client
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

web = Chrome()
web.get("http://www.chaojiying.com/user/login/")
time.sleep(5) # Let the user actually see something!

# 处理验证码
img = web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/div/img').screenshot_as_png

#登录超级鹰

chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('18312341234', '123456', '912345')   
dic = chaojiying.PostPic(img,1902)
verify_code = dic['pic_str']

# 想页面中填入用户名，密码验证码
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[1]/input').send_keys("18312341234") 
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[2]/input').send_keys("123456")
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[3]/input').send_keys(verify_code)

#点击登录
time.sleep(2)
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[4]/input').click()

# driver.quit()

3.测试指定浏览器驱动位置

看网上的教程是，没有指定chromedrive.exe的环境变量，或者chrome的内核版本跟chromedrive版本不一致，两种方式都进行了重试，然后在重装，仍然没用，这里是指定chromedrive.exe的代码部分

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service

service = Service(r"D:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\geckodriver.exe")
service.start()
driver = webdriver.Remote(service.service_url)
driver.get('http://www.chaojiying.com/user/login/')

官方文档中给到的介绍，指定chromedrive的路径，但是实测通过这种方式打开网页还是闪退，不清楚是不是网站针对chrome做的反爬手段

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service = Service('/path/to/chromedriver')
service.start()
driver = webdriver.Remote(service.service_url)
driver.get('http://www.google.com/');
time.sleep(5) # Let the user actually see something!
driver.quit()

4.尝试更换浏览器为火狐的，使用最新版的火狐浏览器，直接对应也是最新的火狐驱动

firefox驱动下载链接：https://gitHub.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

火狐浏览器版本：101.0.1 (64 位)

火狐驱动版本：0.31.0 (2022-04-11, b617178ef491)

 

尝试使用指定火狐驱动打开之前写的程序，测试成功，问题还是出在了chrome浏览器中

from selenium.webdriver import Firefox
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from chaojiying import Chaojiying_Client
import time

web = Firefox()

web.get("http://www.chaojiying.com/user/login/")
# 处理验证码
img = web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/div/img').screenshot_as_png

chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('18312341234', '123456', '912345')
dic = chaojiying.PostPic(img,1902)
verify_code = dic['pic_str']

# 想页面中填入用户名，密码验证码
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[1]/input').send_keys("183312341234")
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[2]/input').send_keys("123456")
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[3]/input').send_keys(verify_code)

#点击登录
time.sleep(5)
web.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[4]/input').click()

# driver.quit

也可以使用指定火狐驱动器来执行

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from chaojiying import Chaojiying_Client
import time

service = Service(r"D:\WebSpider\venv\Scripts\geckodriver.exe")
service.start()
driver = webdriver.Remote(service.service_url)
driver.get('http://www.chaojiying.com/user/login/');
time.sleep(5) # Let the user actually see something!

# 处理验证码
img = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/div/img').screenshot_as_png

chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('18312341234', '123456', '912345')
dic = chaojiying.PostPic(img,1902)
verify_code = dic['pic_str']

# 想页面中填入用户名，密码验证码
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[1]/input').send_keys("18312341234")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[2]/input').send_keys("123456")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[3]/input').send_keys(verify_code)

#点击登录
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[4]/input').click()

# driver.quit()

5.针对chrome闪退，是driver的全局变量问题，以下方法经测试确实可以解决selenium打开chrome闪退的问题。

参考链接：https://www.csdn.net/tags/MtTaEg5sNzk1NzIzLWJsb2cO0O0O.html

1、不设置driver为全局，放在函数内（会闪退）

from selenium import webdriver

# 登陆百度
def main():
    chromedriver_path = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver_path)
    # 打开页面
    page = driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

2、把driver放在函数外，为全局（不会闪退）

from selenium import webdriver

chromedriver_path = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver_path)
# 登陆百度
def main():
    # 打开页面
    page = driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

3、也可以把driver放在函数内，只要设置为全局变量就可以

from selenium import webdriver

# 登陆百度
def main():
    global driver
    chromedriver_path = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver_path)
    # 打开页面
    page = driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()