• Map集合、HashMap集合、LinkedHashMap集合、Hashtable集合、Collections工具类和模拟斗地主洗牌和发牌


    1、Map集合概述和特点
      * A:Map接口概述
         * 查看API可以知道:
                * 将键映射到值的对象
                * 一个映射不能包含重复的键
                * 每个键最多只能映射到一个值
      * B:Map接口和Collection接口的不同
            * Map是双列的,Collection是单列的
            * Map的键唯一,Collection的子体系Set是唯一的
            * Map集合的数据结构值针对键有效,跟值无关;Collection集合的数据结构是针对元素有效


    2、Map集合的功能概述
      * A:Map集合的功能概述
          * a:添加功能
              * V put(K key,V value):添加元素。
                  * 如果键是第一次存储,就直接存储元素,返回null
                  * 如果键不是第一次存在,就用值把以前的值替换掉,返回以前的值
          * b:删除功能
              * void clear():移除所有的键值对元素
              * V remove(Object key):根据键删除键值对元素,并把值返回
          * c:判断功能
              * boolean containsKey(Object key):判断集合是否包含指定的键
              * boolean containsValue(Object value):判断集合是否包含指定的值
              * boolean isEmpty():判断集合是否为空
          * d:获取功能
              * Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet():
              * V get(Object key):根据键获取值
              * Set<K> keySet():获取集合中所有键的集合
              * Collection<V> values():获取集合中所有值的集合
          * e:长度功能
              * int size():返回集合中的键值对的个数


    3、Map集合的遍历之键找值
      * A:键找值思路:
          * 获取所有键的集合
          * 遍历键的集合,获取到每一个键
          * 根据键找值
      * B:案例演示
          * Map集合的遍历之键找值

                HashMap<String, Integer> hm = new HashMap<>();
                hm.put("张三", 23);
                hm.put("李四", 24);
                hm.put("王五", 25);
                hm.put("赵六", 26);
                
                /*Set<String> keySet = hm.keySet();            //获取集合中所有的键
                Iterator<String> it = keySet.iterator();    //获取迭代器
                while(it.hasNext()) {                        //判断单列集合中是否有元素
                    String key = it.next();                    //获取集合中的每一个元素,其实就是双列集合中的键
                    Integer value = hm.get(key);            //根据键获取值
                    System.out.println(key + "=" + value);    //打印键值对
                }*/
                
                for(String key : hm.keySet()) {                //增强for循环迭代双列集合第一种方式
                    System.out.println(key + "=" + hm.get(key));
                }


    4、Map集合的遍历之键值对对象找键和值
      * A:键值对对象找键和值思路:
          * 获取所有键值对对象的集合
          * 遍历键值对对象的集合,获取到每一个键值对对象
          * 根据键值对对象找键和值
      * B:案例演示
          * Map集合的遍历之键值对对象找键和值
        
                HashMap<String, Integer> hm = new HashMap<>();
                hm.put("张三", 23);
                hm.put("李四", 24);
                hm.put("王五", 25);
                hm.put("赵六", 26);
                /*Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> entrySet = hm.entrySet();    //获取所有的键值对象的集合
                Iterator<Entry<String, Integer>> it = entrySet.iterator();//获取迭代器
                while(it.hasNext()) {
                    Entry<String, Integer> en = it.next();                //获取键值对对象
                    String key = en.getKey();                                //根据键值对对象获取键
                    Integer value = en.getValue();                            //根据键值对对象获取值
                    System.out.println(key + "=" + value);
                }*/
                
                for(Entry<String,Integer> en : hm.entrySet()) {
                    System.out.println(en.getKey() + "=" + en.getValue());
                }

    5、LinkedHashMap的概述和使用
      * A:案例演示
          * LinkedHashMap的特点
              * 底层是链表实现的可以保证怎么存就怎么取


    6、统计字符串中每个字符出现的次数
      * A:案例演示
          * 需求:统计字符串中每个字符出现的次数
                String str = "aaaabbbcccccccccc";
                char[] arr = str.toCharArray();                        //将字符串转换成字符数组
                HashMap<Character, Integer> hm = new HashMap<>();    //创建双列集合存储键和值
                
                for(char c : arr) {                                    //遍历字符数组
                    /*if(!hm.containsKey(c)) {                        //如果不包含这个键
                        hm.put(c, 1);                                //就将键和值为1添加
                    }else {                                            //如果包含这个键
                        hm.put(c, hm.get(c) + 1);                    //就将键和值再加1添加进来
                    }*/
                    
                    //hm.put(c, !hm.containsKey(c) ? 1 : hm.get(c) + 1);
                    Integer i = !hm.containsKey(c) ? hm.put(c, 1) : hm.put(c, hm.get(c) + 1);
                }
                
                for (Character key : hm.keySet()) {                    //遍历双列集合
                    System.out.println(key + "=" + hm.get(key));
                }


    7、集合嵌套之HashMap嵌套HashMap
      * A:案例演示
          * 集合嵌套之HashMap嵌套HashMap

     1 public class Demo {
     2 
     3     public static void main(String[] args) {
     4         HashMap<Student,String> hm88=new HashMap<>();
     5         hm88.put(new Student("张三",23),"北京");
     6         hm88.put(new Student("李四",24),"北京");
     7         hm88.put(new Student("王五",25),"上海");
     8         hm88.put(new Student("赵六",26),"广州");
     9         
    10         HashMap<Student,String> hm99=new HashMap<>();
    11         hm99.put(new Student("唐僧",1023),"北京");
    12         hm99.put(new Student("孙悟空",1024),"北京");
    13         hm99.put(new Student("猪八戒",1025),"上海");
    14         hm99.put(new Student("沙和尚",1026),"广州");
    15         
    16         HashMap<HashMap<Student,String>,String> hm=new HashMap<>();
    17         hm.put(hm88,"第88期基础班");
    18         hm.put(hm99,"第99期基础班");
    19         
    20         //遍历双列集合
    21         for(HashMap<Student,String> h:hm.keySet()){
    22             String value=hm.get(h);
    23             for(Student key:h.keySet()){
    24                 String value2=h.get(key);
    25                 
    26                 System.out.println(key+"="+value2+"="+value);
    27             }
    28         }
    29 
    30     }
    31 
    32 }

    8、HashMap和Hashtable的区别
      * A:面试题
          * HashMap和Hashtable的区别
              * Hashtable是JDK1.0版本出现的,是线程安全的,效率低,HashMap是JDK1.2版本出现的,是线程不安全的,效率高
              * Hashtable不可以存储null键和null值,HashMap可以存储null键和null值


    9、Collections工具类的概述和常见方法讲解
      * A:Collections类概述
          * 针对集合操作 的工具类
      * B:Collections成员方法
              public static <T> void sort(List<T> list)
              public static <T> int binarySearch(List<?> list,T key)
              public static <T> T max(Collection<?> coll)
              public static void reverse(List<?> list)
              public static void shuffle(List<?> list)


    10、模拟斗地主洗牌和发牌
      * A:案例演示
          * 模拟斗地主洗牌和发牌,牌没有排序

                //买一副扑克
                String[] num = {"A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"};
                String[] color = {"方片","梅花","红桃","黑桃"};
                ArrayList<String> poker = new ArrayList<>();
                
                for(String s1 : color) {
                    for(String s2 : num) {
                        poker.add(s1.concat(s2));
                    }
                }
                
                poker.add("小王");
                poker.add("大王");
                //洗牌
                Collections.shuffle(poker);
                //发牌
                ArrayList<String> gaojin = new ArrayList<>();
                ArrayList<String> longwu = new ArrayList<>();
                ArrayList<String> me = new ArrayList<>();
                ArrayList<String> dipai = new ArrayList<>();
                
                for(int i = 0; i < poker.size(); i++) {
                    if(i >= poker.size() - 3) {
                        dipai.add(poker.get(i));
                    }else if(i % 3 == 0) {
                        gaojin.add(poker.get(i));
                    }else if(i % 3 == 1) {
                        longwu.add(poker.get(i));
                    }else {
                        me.add(poker.get(i));
                    }
                }
                
                //看牌
                
                System.out.println(gaojin);
                System.out.println(longwu);
                System.out.println(me);
                System.out.println(dipai);


    11、模拟斗地主洗牌和发牌并对牌进行排序的代码实现
      * A:案例演示
          * 模拟斗地主洗牌和发牌并对牌进行排序的代码实现


                //买一副牌
                String[] num = {"3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K","A","2"};
                String[] color = {"方片","梅花","红桃","黑桃"};
                HashMap<Integer, String> hm = new HashMap<>();            //存储索引和扑克牌
                ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();            //存储索引
                int index = 0;                                            //索引的开始值
                for(String s1 : num) {
                    for(String s2 : color) {
                        hm.put(index, s2.concat(s1));                    //将索引和扑克牌添加到HashMap中
                        list.add(index);                                //将索引添加到ArrayList集合中
                        index++;
                    }
                }
                hm.put(index, "小王");
                list.add(index);
                index++;
                hm.put(index, "大王");
                list.add(index);
                //洗牌
                Collections.shuffle(list);
                //发牌
                TreeSet<Integer> gaojin = new TreeSet<>();
                TreeSet<Integer> longwu = new TreeSet<>();
                TreeSet<Integer> me = new TreeSet<>();
                TreeSet<Integer> dipai = new TreeSet<>();
                
                for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                    if(i >= list.size() - 3) {
                        dipai.add(list.get(i));                         //将list集合中的索引添加到TreeSet集合中会自动排序
                    }else if(i % 3 == 0) {
                        gaojin.add(list.get(i));
                    }else if(i % 3 == 1) {
                        longwu.add(list.get(i));
                    }else {
                        me.add(list.get(i));
                    }
                }
                
                //看牌
                lookPoker("高进", gaojin, hm);
                lookPoker("龙五", longwu, hm);
                lookPoker("冯佳", me, hm);
                lookPoker("底牌", dipai, hm);
                
            }
            
            public static void lookPoker(String name,TreeSet<Integer> ts,HashMap<Integer, String> hm) {
                System.out.print(name + "的牌是:");
                for (Integer index : ts) {
                    System.out.print(hm.get(index) + " ");
                }
                
                System.out.println();
            }


    12、泛型固定下边界
      * ? super E

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hfumin/p/10238354.html
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