借助一点编程工作,iPhone的机载加速计就可以使对象在屏幕上四处“移动”,实时响应用户倾斜手机的方式。下面的代码就是创建一个动画式的蝴蝶,用户可以使之快速移过屏幕。
使之工作的秘密在于:向程序中添加一个所谓的"物理计时器“。他不是直接响应加速中的变化,而是加速计回调用于测量当前的力。它取决于计时器例程随着 时间的推移通过改变他的画面对蝴蝶应用那些力。下面是列出要记住的关键点。
(1).只要力的方向仍然保持相同,蝴蝶就会加速。他的速度会依据加速力在x或y方向上的量度成比例的提高。
(2).由计时器用的rick例程将通过蝴蝶的原点添加速度向量来移动蝴蝶。
(3).蝴蝶移动的范围是有界限的,因此,当他撞到某个边缘时,将会停止那个方向的移动。还可以一直讲蝴蝶保留在屏幕中。tick方法将会检查界限条件。
(4).蝴蝶会改变它自身的方向,使之总是下落。可以在tick方法中应用一个简单的旋转变换来实现这一点。在使用变换时,还要关注画面或中心偏移。在应用偏移之前,总是要重置数学处理,然后重新应用任何角度改变。不这样的话,可能导致画面出人意料的放大,收缩或扭曲。
代码如下:
#define SIGN(_NUM_) ((_NUM_ < 0) ? (-1) : 1) #define RECTCENTER(RECT) CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(RECT), CGRectGetMidY(RECT)) @interface ViewController () { UIImageView *butterfly; float xaccel; float xvelocity; float yaccel; float yvelocity; float mostRecentAngle; } @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor]; [self initButterfly]; } - (void) initButterfly { CGSize size; // Load the animation cells NSMutableArray *butterflies = [NSMutableArray array]; for (int i = 1; i <= 17; i++) { NSString *fileName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"bf_%d.png", i]; UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:fileName]; size = image.size; [butterflies addObject:image]; } // Begin the animation butterfly = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:(CGRect){.size=size}]; [butterfly setAnimationImages:butterflies]; butterfly.animationDuration = 0.75f; [butterfly startAnimating]; // Set the butterfly's initial speed and acceleration xaccel = 2.0f; yaccel = 2.0f; xvelocity = 0.0f; yvelocity = 0.0f; // Add the butterfly butterfly.center = RECTCENTER(self.view.bounds); [self.view addSubview:butterfly]; // Activate the accelerometer [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setDelegate:self]; // Start the physics timer [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval: 0.03f target: self selector: @selector(tick) userInfo: nil repeats: YES]; } - (void) tick { butterfly.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity; // Move the butterfly according to the current velocity vector CGRect rect = CGRectOffset(butterfly.frame, xvelocity, 0.0f); if (CGRectContainsRect(self.view.bounds, rect)) butterfly.frame = rect; rect = CGRectOffset(butterfly.frame, 0.0f, yvelocity); if (CGRectContainsRect(self.view.bounds, rect)) butterfly.frame = rect; butterfly.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(mostRecentAngle + M_PI_2); } - (void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { // extract the acceleration components float xx = -acceleration.x; float yy = acceleration.y; mostRecentAngle = atan2(yy, xx); // Has the direction changed? float accelDirX = SIGN(xvelocity) * -1.0f; float newDirX = SIGN(xx); float accelDirY = SIGN(yvelocity) * -1.0f; float newDirY = SIGN(yy); // Accelerate. To increase viscosity lower the additive value if (accelDirX == newDirX) xaccel = (abs(xaccel) + 0.85f) * SIGN(xaccel); if (accelDirY == newDirY) yaccel = (abs(yaccel) + 0.85f) * SIGN(yaccel); // Apply acceleration changes to the current velocity xvelocity = -xaccel * xx; yvelocity = -yaccel * yy; }