知乎热榜爬虫

写了个爬取知乎热榜的爬虫，将热榜信息存成json格式(update 1)保存在当前目录下，根据爬取时间存取
需要cookie换成自己的应该就能用了
爬取的内容有Rank：当前热榜排名 Title:问题名称 Hot：当前问题热度 Url：问题链接 Tags:问题的tags（点进问题之后可以看到）
update 1新增了Ans: 两个热门答案,并修改了json格式

代码

# coding:utf-8
# author:graykido
# data:2021.5.25


from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import requests
import os
import urllib.request
import random
import time

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36',
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
    'Set-Cookie': '',
    'cookie': ''}

url = "https://www.zhihu.com/hot"
plus = ["", "?list=science", "?list=digital", "?list=sport", "?list=fashion", "?list=film", "?list=school", "?list=car",
        "?list=depth", "?list=focus"]
plusNameInCn = ["全站", "科学", "数码", "体育", "时尚", "影视", "校园", "汽车", "时事", "国际"]

for i in range(len(plus)):
    myRec2Txt = ""
    new_url = url + plus[i]
    name = plusNameInCn[i]
    print(name + ": ")
    r = requests.get(new_url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = ('utf8')
    bs = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "lxml")
    sections = bs.find_all(class_="HotItem")
    for section in sections:
        # print(section)
        # soup2=BeautifulSoup(div.text,'lxml')
        # print(soup2.getText())
        tags = []
        rank = section.div.div.text
        title = section.a.get('title')
        heat = section.find(class_="HotItem-metrics HotItem-metrics--bottom")
        if heat == None:
            heat = section.find(class_="HotItem-metrics")
        heat_ar = heat.text.split(' ')
        heat = heat_ar[0] + "万热度"
        tag_url = section.find(class_="HotItem-content").a['href']
        r2 = requests.get(tag_url, headers=headers)
        r2.encoding = ('utf8')
        soup2 = BeautifulSoup(r2.text, 'lxml')
        try:
            tags_divs = soup2.find(class_="QuestionHeader-topics").find_all(class_="Popover")
            for tags_div in tags_divs:
                tags_true = tags_div.find(id='null-toggle').text
                tags.append(tags_true)
            myRec = {}
            myRec['Rank'] = rank
            myRec['Title'] = title
            myRec['Hot'] = heat
            myRec['Url'] = tag_url
            myRec['Tags'] = tags
            myRec2Txt += str(myRec) + "
"
        except:
            print("error发生")
    fold_path = './' + name
    # 判断是否存在该文件夹
    if not os.path.exists(fold_path):
        print("正在创建文件夹...")
        os.makedirs(fold_path)
    filepath = fold_path + '/' + time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S", time.localtime()) + ".txt"
    if os.path.exists(filepath):
        print("已存在该文件")
    else:
        with open(filepath, "w") as f:
            f.write(str(myRec2Txt))
        print("成功创建文件")
print("just like another saturday night,mission finshed!")

update 1

# coding:utf-8
# author:graykido
# data:2021.5.25
# update1:2021.6.3

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import requests
import os
import urllib.request
import random
import time
import json

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36',
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
    'Set-Cookie': '',
    'cookie': ''}

url = "https://www.zhihu.com/hot"
plus = ["", "?list=science", "?list=digital", "?list=sport", "?list=fashion", "?list=film", "?list=school", "?list=car",
        "?list=depth", "?list=focus"]
plusNameInCn = ["全站", "科学", "数码", "体育", "时尚", "影视", "校园", "汽车", "时事", "国际"]

for i in range(len(plus)):
    myRec2Json = []
    new_url = url + plus[i]
    name = plusNameInCn[i]
    # print(name + ": ")
    r = requests.get(new_url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = ('utf8')
    # print(r.text)
    bs = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "lxml")
    sections = bs.find_all(class_="HotItem")
    for section in sections:
        # print(section)
        # soup2=BeautifulSoup(div.text,'lxml')
        # print(soup2.getText())
        tags = []
        rank = section.div.div.text
        title = section.a.get('title')
        heat = section.find(class_="HotItem-metrics HotItem-metrics--bottom")
        if heat == None:
            heat = section.find(class_="HotItem-metrics")
        heat_ar = heat.text.split(' ')
        heat = heat_ar[0] + "万热度"
        tag_url = section.find(class_="HotItem-content").a['href']
        r2 = requests.get(tag_url, headers=headers)
        r2.encoding = ('utf8')
        soup2 = BeautifulSoup(r2.text, 'lxml')
        try:
            tags_divs = soup2.find(class_="QuestionHeader-topics").find_all(class_="Popover")
            for tags_div in tags_divs:
                tags_true = tags_div.find(id='null-toggle').text
                tags.append(tags_true)
            resOfQues = []
            resBs = soup2.find_all(class_="RichContent-inner")
            cnt = 0
            for ans in resBs:
                if cnt > 2:
                    break
                cnt += 1
                resOfQues.append(ans.text)
            myRec = {}
            myRec['Rank'] = rank
            myRec['Title'] = title
            myRec['Hot'] = heat
            myRec['Url'] = tag_url
            myRec['Tags'] = tags
            myRec['Ans'] = resOfQues
            myRec2Json.append(myRec)
        except:
            print("error发生")
    fold_path = './' + time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
    # 判断是否存在该文件夹
    if not os.path.exists(fold_path):
        print("正在创建文件夹...")
        os.makedirs(fold_path)
    filepath = fold_path + '/' + name + ".json"
    if os.path.exists(filepath):
        print("已存在该文件")
    else:
        with open(filepath, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            json.dump(myRec2Json, f, ensure_ascii=False)
        print("成功创建文件")
print("just like another saturday night,mission finshed!")