[LeetCode] 25. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 每k个一组翻转链表

Given a linked list, reverse the nodes of a linked list k at a time and return its modified list.

k is a positive integer and is less than or equal to the length of the linked list. If the number of nodes is not a multiple of k then left-out nodes in the end should remain as it is.

Example:

Given this linked list: 1->2->3->4->5

For k = 2, you should return: 2->1->4->3->5

For k = 3, you should return: 3->2->1->4->5

Note:

• Only constant extra memory is allowed.
• You may not alter the values in the list's nodes, only nodes itself may be changed.

这道题让我们以每k个为一组来翻转链表，实际上是把原链表分成若干小段，然后分别对其进行翻转，那么肯定总共需要两个函数，一个是用来分段的，一个是用来翻转的，以题目中给的例子来看，对于给定链表 1->2->3->4->5，一般在处理链表问题时，大多时候都会在开头再加一个 dummy node，因为翻转链表时头结点可能会变化，为了记录当前最新的头结点的位置而引入的 dummy node，加入 dummy node 后的链表变为 -1->1->2->3->4->5，如果k为3的话，目标是将 1,2,3 翻转一下，那么需要一些指针，pre 和 next 分别指向要翻转的链表的前后的位置，然后翻转后 pre 的位置更新到如下新的位置：

-1->1->2->3->4->5
 |        |  |
pre      cur next

-1->3->2->1->4->5
    |     |  |
   cur   pre next

以此类推，只要 cur 走过k个节点，那么 next 就是 cur->next，就可以调用翻转函数来进行局部翻转了，注意翻转之后新的 cur 和 pre 的位置都不同了，那么翻转之后，cur 应该更新为 pre->next，而如果不需要翻转的话，cur 更新为 cur->next，代码如下所示：

解法一：

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverseKGroup(ListNode* head, int k) {
        if (!head || k == 1) return head;
        ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(-1), *pre = dummy, *cur = head;
        dummy->next = head;
        for (int i = 1; cur; ++i) {
            if (i % k == 0) {
                pre = reverseOneGroup(pre, cur->next);
                cur = pre->next;
            } else {
                cur = cur->next;
            }
        }
        return dummy->next;
    }
    ListNode* reverseOneGroup(ListNode* pre, ListNode* next) {
        ListNode *last = pre->next, *cur = last->next;
        while(cur != next) {
            last->next = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre->next;
            pre->next = cur;
            cur = last->next;
        }
        return last;
    }
};

我们也可以在一个函数中完成，首先遍历整个链表，统计出链表的长度，然后如果长度大于等于k，交换节点，当 k=2 时，每段只需要交换一次，当 k=3 时，每段需要交换2此，所以i从1开始循环，注意交换一段后更新 pre 指针，然后 num 自减k，直到 num<k 时循环结束，参见代码如下：

解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverseKGroup(ListNode* head, int k) {
        ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(-1), *pre = dummy, *cur = pre;
        dummy->next = head;
        int num = 0;
        while (cur = cur->next) ++num;
        while (num >= k) {
            cur = pre->next;
            for (int i = 1; i < k; ++i) {
                ListNode *t = cur->next;
                cur->next = t->next;
                t->next = pre->next;
                pre->next = t;
            }
            pre = cur;
            num -= k;
        }
        return dummy->next;
    }
};

我们也可以使用递归来做，用 head 记录每段的开始位置，cur 记录结束位置的下一个节点，然后调用 reverse 函数来将这段翻转，然后得到一个 new_head，原来的 head 就变成了末尾，这时候后面接上递归调用下一段得到的新节点，返回 new_head 即可，参见代码如下：

解法三：

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverseKGroup(ListNode* head, int k) {
        ListNode *cur = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
            if (!cur) return head;
            cur = cur->next;
        }
        ListNode *new_head = reverse(head, cur);
        head->next = reverseKGroup(cur, k);
        return new_head;
    }
    ListNode* reverse(ListNode* head, ListNode* tail) {
        ListNode *pre = tail;
        while (head != tail) {
            ListNode *t = head->next;
            head->next = pre;
            pre = head;
            head = t;
        }
        return pre;
    }
};

Github 同步地址：

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/25

类似题目：

Swap Nodes in Pairs

参考资料：

https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/

https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/discuss/11435/C%2B%2B-Elegant-and-Small

https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/discuss/11457/20-line-iterative-C%2B%2B-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/discuss/11440/Non-recursive-Java-solution-and-idea

https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/discuss/11423/Short-but-recursive-Java-code-with-comments

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