• linux常用命令(配置查看,定时任务)


    1.查看所有待挂载设备信息

    fdisk -l

    # fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00002f03
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *        2048   226170879   113084416   83  Linux
    /dev/sda2       226172926   234440703     4133889    5  Extended
    /dev/sda5       226172928   234440703     4133888   82  Linux swap / Solaris
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x3025e656
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1            2048   614402047   307200000    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
    /dev/sdb2       614402048  1228802047   307200000    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
    /dev/sdb3      1228802048  1953519615   362358784    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
    View Code

      

    2.查看cpu信息

    cat /proc/cpuinfo

    processor    : 0
    vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
    cpu family    : 6
    model        : 60
    model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz
    stepping    : 3
    microcode    : 0x19
    cpu MHz        : 3443.429
    cache size    : 6144 KB
    physical id    : 0
    siblings    : 4
    core id        : 0
    cpu cores    : 4
    apicid        : 0
    initial apicid    : 0
    fdiv_bug    : no
    f00f_bug    : no
    coma_bug    : no
    fpu        : yes
    fpu_exception    : yes
    cpuid level    : 13
    wp        : yes
    flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
    bogomips    : 6796.22
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment    : 64
    address sizes    : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor    : 1
    vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
    cpu family    : 6
    model        : 60
    model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz
    stepping    : 3
    microcode    : 0x19
    cpu MHz        : 3399.601
    cache size    : 6144 KB
    physical id    : 0
    siblings    : 4
    core id        : 1
    cpu cores    : 4
    apicid        : 2
    initial apicid    : 2
    fdiv_bug    : no
    f00f_bug    : no
    coma_bug    : no
    fpu        : yes
    fpu_exception    : yes
    cpuid level    : 13
    wp        : yes
    flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
    bogomips    : 6796.22
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment    : 64
    address sizes    : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor    : 2
    vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
    cpu family    : 6
    model        : 60
    model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz
    stepping    : 3
    microcode    : 0x19
    cpu MHz        : 3400.000
    cache size    : 6144 KB
    physical id    : 0
    siblings    : 4
    core id        : 2
    cpu cores    : 4
    apicid        : 4
    initial apicid    : 4
    fdiv_bug    : no
    f00f_bug    : no
    coma_bug    : no
    fpu        : yes
    fpu_exception    : yes
    cpuid level    : 13
    wp        : yes
    flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
    bogomips    : 6796.22
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment    : 64
    address sizes    : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    
    processor    : 3
    vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
    cpu family    : 6
    model        : 60
    model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz
    stepping    : 3
    microcode    : 0x19
    cpu MHz        : 3400.000
    cache size    : 6144 KB
    physical id    : 0
    siblings    : 4
    core id        : 3
    cpu cores    : 4
    apicid        : 6
    initial apicid    : 6
    fdiv_bug    : no
    f00f_bug    : no
    coma_bug    : no
    fpu        : yes
    fpu_exception    : yes
    cpuid level    : 13
    wp        : yes
    flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
    bogomips    : 6796.22
    clflush size    : 64
    cache_alignment    : 64
    address sizes    : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
    power management:
    View Code

     

    3.查看内存信息

    cat /proc/meminfo

    cat /proc/meminfo
    MemTotal:        4090736 kB
    MemFree:         1628156 kB
    MemAvailable:    2270864 kB
    Buffers:            7984 kB
    Cached:           991184 kB
    SwapCached:            0 kB
    Active:          1458132 kB
    Inactive:         838020 kB
    Active(anon):    1102336 kB
    Inactive(anon):   377500 kB
    Active(file):     355796 kB
    Inactive(file):   460520 kB
    Unevictable:          32 kB
    Mlocked:              32 kB
    HighTotal:       3227012 kB
    HighFree:        1084212 kB
    LowTotal:         863724 kB
    LowFree:          543944 kB
    SwapTotal:       4133884 kB
    SwapFree:        4133884 kB
    Dirty:               308 kB
    Writeback:             0 kB
    AnonPages:       1297060 kB
    Mapped:           605736 kB
    Shmem:            182856 kB
    Slab:              53976 kB
    SReclaimable:      30016 kB
    SUnreclaim:        23960 kB
    KernelStack:        4592 kB
    PageTables:        16260 kB
    NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
    Bounce:                0 kB
    WritebackTmp:          0 kB
    CommitLimit:     6179252 kB
    Committed_AS:    6168352 kB
    VmallocTotal:     122880 kB
    VmallocUsed:       52824 kB
    VmallocChunk:      61204 kB
    AnonHugePages:    520192 kB
    HugePages_Total:       0
    HugePages_Free:        0
    HugePages_Rsvd:        0
    HugePages_Surp:        0
    Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
    DirectMap4k:      378872 kB
    DirectMap2M:      530432 kB
    View Code

      

    4.硬盘速度测试

    hdparm -Tt /dev/sda1

    # hdparm -Tt /dev/sda1
    
    /dev/sda1:
     Timing cached reads:   22580 MB in  2.00 seconds = 11305.77 MB/sec
     Timing buffered disk reads: 1094 MB in  3.01 seconds = 363.90 MB/sec

    5.cron执行定时任务

    crontab -l查看定时任务列表

    crontab -e 编辑定时任务

    5.1简单的定时任务编辑示范

    crontab -e

    # Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
    # 
    # Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
    # indicating with different fields when the task will be run
    # and what command to run for the task
    # 
    # To define the time you can provide concrete values for
    # minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
    # and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').# 
    # Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
    # daemon's notion of time and timezones.
    # 
    # Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
    # email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
    # 
    # For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
    # at 5 a.m every week with:
    # 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
    # 
    # For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
    # 
    # m h  dom mon dow   command
    #
    ##每隔一分钟输出时间到文件
    */2 * * * * echodate >> $HOME>test.txt 

     5.2 查看定时任务列表

    crontab -l

    # crontab -l
    # Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
    # 
    # Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
    # indicating with different fields when the task will be run
    # and what command to run for the task
    # 
    # To define the time you can provide concrete values for
    # minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
    # and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').# 
    # Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
    # daemon's notion of time and timezones.
    # 
    # Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
    # email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
    # 
    # For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
    # at 5 a.m every week with:
    # 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
    # 
    # For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
    # 
    # m h  dom mon dow   command
    */2 * * * * date >> $HOME>test.txt

    5.3查看定时任务运行效果

    tail -f ~/test.txt

     tail -f ~/test.txt
    2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:24:01 CST
    2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:26:01 CST
    2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:28:01 CST
    2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:30:01 CST

    5.4 crontab补充

     5.4.1 开启corntab 服务  /etc/init.d/cron start

     5.4.2 开机启动corntab

     vim /etc/rc.local 添加需要启动的服务

     例如 

      
    #!/bin/sh -e
    #
    # rc.local
    # 
    # when machine startup, blow scripts will run.
    #
    # This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
    # Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
    # value on error.
    #
    # In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
    # bits.
    #
    # By default this script does nothing.
    export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S `whoami` " 
    exit 0
    ~                                                
    View Code

    5.5 开启crontab日志

    将cron.*前面的注释符去掉 
    
    1. 修改rsyslog(大致是第10行):
    
    sudo vim /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf
    
    #cron.*    /var/log/cron.log 
    
    2. 重启rsyslog:
    
    sudo  service rsyslog  restart
    
    3. 查看crontab日志:
    
    tail -f /var/log/cron.log | nl 
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gophper/p/4852026.html
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