Promethues（二）安装

二进制方式

$ mkdir -p /opt/k8s/prometheus
$ cd /opt/k8s/prometheus
$ wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.16.0/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

$ tar -xzvf prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

查看解压后的文件目录

$ cd /opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64

$  ls -al
总用量 141000
drwxr-xr-x 4 3434 3434     4096 2月  14 09:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     4096 3月  18 12:05 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434     4096 2月  14 09:52 console_libraries
drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434     4096 2月  14 09:52 consoles
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434    11357 2月  14 09:52 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434     3184 2月  14 09:52 NOTICE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 82329106 2月  14 07:52 prometheus
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434      926 2月  14 09:52 prometheus.yml
-rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 48417809 2月  14 07:54 promtool
-rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 13595766 2月  14 07:54 tsdb

consoles: prometheus自带的一些view对应的html文件
prometheus: 一个可执行文件，是Prometheus server的启动文件
prometheus.yml: 默认的配置文件
data： Prometheus 抓取的指标数据存放目录
promtool: 一个工具集，可以用来对配置文件、规则文件进行检查，也可以利用PromQl进行查询操作
tsdb: prometheus 自身的时间序列数据库TSDB的客户端工具

运行prometheus

使用默认的配置文件启动prometheus

$ cd /opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64
$ ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:295 msg="no time or size retention was set so using the default time retention" duration=15d
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:331 msg="Starting Prometheus" version="(version=2.16.0, branch=HEAD, revision=b90be6f32a33c03163d700e1452b54454ddce0ec)"
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:332 build_context="(go=go1.13.8, user=root@7ea0ae865f12, date=20200213-23:50:02)"
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:333 host_details="(Linux 5.3.0-40-generic #32~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Feb 3 14:05:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 master (none))"
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:334 fd_limits="(soft=1024, hard=1048576)"
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:335 vm_limits="(soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)"
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.720Z caller=main.go:661 msg="Starting TSDB ..."
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.720Z caller=web.go:508 component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.723Z caller=head.go:577 component=tsdb msg="replaying WAL, this may take awhile"
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.723Z caller=head.go:625 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=0
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.724Z caller=main.go:676 fs_type=EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.724Z caller=main.go:677 msg="TSDB started"
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.724Z caller=main.go:747 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.725Z caller=main.go:775 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.725Z caller=main.go:630 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."

默认配置文件

$ cat prometheus.yml

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']

global 配置prometheus拉取指标数据的频率和进行计算的频率，都是15s
scrape_configs 配置段中，通过静态配置方式指定从localhost:9090/metrics拉取指标信息，其中9090是prometheus server启动后监听的端口
通过访问 http://localhost:9090/metrics，可以观察prometheus自身提供的各种监控指标

通过界面访问

将Promethues配置成系统服务，随系统启动

编辑启动文件

$ cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service<< EOF

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Server
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network.target
  
[Service]
Restart=on-failure
WorkingDirectory=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/prometheus 
--config.file=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml 
--storage.tsdb.path=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/data 
--storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

config.file指定配置文件地址
storage.tsdb.path指定数据文件目录
storage.tsdb.retention.time指定数据文件保留时间

Promethues提供了很多的命令行配置选项，可通过./prometheus -h进行查看

通过systemctl启动prometheus

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl start prometheus
$ systemctl enable prometheus

docker 容器方式

前提是服务器上已经装上了docker环境

下载镜像
```
$ docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
```
启动镜像
```
$ docker run -p 9090:9090 prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
```
- 以上命令采用默认配置启动prometheus

通过挂载方式将配置文件挂载到容器内来自定义配置项

docker run 
-p 9090:9090 
-v /tmp/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml 
prom/prometheus:v2.16.0

或者将配置目录直接挂载进去

docker run 
-p 9090:9090 
-v /path/to/config:/etc/prometheus 
prom/prometheus:v2.16.0

如果监控目标以及rule等信息都稳定下来，可以基于prometheus的镜像，将配置文件等信息追加到容器中,Dockerfile如下

FROM prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
ADD prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/gaofeng-henu/p/12532662.html