• dbms_xplan之display_cursor函数的使用


     DBMS_XPLAN包中display_cursor函数不同于display函数,display_cursor用于显示SQL语句的真实的执行计划,在大多数情况下,显示真实
    的执行计划有助于更好的分析SQL语句的全过程,尤其是运行此SQL语句实时的I/O开销。通过对比预估的I/O与真实的I/O开销来判断SQL语句所存
    在问题,如缺少统计信息,SQL语句执行的次数,根据实际中间结果集的大小来选择合适的连接方式等。本文仅仅讲述display_cursor函数的使
    用。

            有关执行计划中各字段模块的描述请参考: 执行计划中各字段各模块描述 
            有关由SQL语句来获取执行计划请参考:     使用 EXPLAIN PLAN 获取SQL语句执行计划 
            有关使用autotrace来获取执行计划请参考: 启用 AUTOTRACE 功能
            有关dbms_xplan之display函数请参考:     dbms_xplan之display函数的使用

    一、display_cursor函数用法
    1、display_cursor函数语法

    1. DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(                         
    2.  sql_id        IN  VARCHAR2  DEFAULT  NULL,        
    3.  child_number  IN  NUMBER    DEFAULT  NULL,        
    4.  format        IN  VARCHAR2  DEFAULT  'TYPICAL');  

    2、display_cursor函数参数描述
            sql_id
                    指定位于库缓存执行计划中SQL语句的父游标。默认值为null。当使用默认值时当前会话的最后一条SQL语句的执行计划将被返回
                    可以通过查询V$SQL 或 V$SQLAREA的SQL_ID列来获得SQL语句的SQL_ID。
            child_number
                    指定父游标下子游标的序号。即指定被返回执行计划的SQL语句的子游标。默认值为0。如果为null,则sql_id所指父游标下所有子游标
                    的执行计划都将被返回。
            format
                    控制SQL语句执行计划的输出部分,即哪些可以显示哪些不显示。使用与display函数的format参数与修饰符在这里同样适用。
                    除此之外当在开启statistics_level=all时或使用gather_plan_statistics提示可以获得执行计划中实时的统计信息
                    有关详细的format格式描述请参考:dbms_xplan之display函数的使用 中format参数的描述

            下面给出启用统计信息时format新增的修饰符
                    iostats   控制I/O统计的显示
                    last      默认,显示所有执行计算过的统计。如果指定该值,则只显示最后一次执行的统计信息
                    memstats  控制pga相关统计的显示
                    allstats  此为iostats memstats的快捷方式,即allstats包含了iostats和memstats
                    run_stats_last 等同于iostats last。只能用于oracle 10g R1
                    run_stats_tot  等同于iostats。只能用于oracle 10g R1                  

    二、演示使用display_cursor函数获取执行计划    
            1、当前数据库版本以及加载执行计划到库缓存                

    1. SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;                        
    2.                                                                     
    3. BANNER                                                              
    4. ----------------------------------------------------------------    
    5. Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production           
    6.                                                                               
    7. SQL> SELECT ename,dname,loc                                         
    8.   2  FROM   emp e, dept d                                           
    9.   3  WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno                                     
    10.   4  AND    e.empno  = 7788;                                        
    11.                                                                     
    12. ENAME      DNAME          LOC                                       
    13. ---------- -------------- -------------                             
    14. SCOTT      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                    

            2、查看真实的执行计划              

    1. /*----------------不传递任何参数给display_cursor函数,显示当前会话最后一条SQL语句的执行计划-------------*/              
    2. /**************************************************/                                                                    
    3. /* Author: Robinson Cheng                         */                                                                    
    4. /* Blog:   http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612     */                                                                    
    5. /* MSN:    robinson_0612@hotmail.com              */                                                                    
    6. /* QQ:     645746311                              */                                                                    
    7. /**************************************************/                                                                    
    8. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null));                                                         
    9.                                                                                                                         
    10. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT                                                                                                       
    11. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                              
    12. SQL_ID  a67wqmkfb9j65, child number 0                                                                                   
    13. -------------------------------------                                                                                   
    14. SELECT ename,dname,loc FROM   emp e, dept d WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno AND                                              
    15. e.empno  = 7788                                                                                                         
    16.                                                                                                                         
    17. Plan hash value: 2385808155                                                                                             
    18.                                                                                                                         
    19. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                
    20. | Id  | Operation                    | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |                                
    21. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                
    22. |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |         |       |       |     3 (100)|          |                                
    23. |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |         |     1 |    63 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                
    24. |   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP     |     1 |    33 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                
    25. |*  3 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP  |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                
    26. |   4 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |   409 | 12270 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                
    27. |*  5 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_DEPT |     1 |       |     0   (0)|          |                                
    28. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                
    29.                                                                                                                         
    30. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):                                                                     
    31. ---------------------------------------------------                                                                     
    32.                                                                                                                         
    33.    3 - access("E"."EMPNO"=7788)                                                                                         
    34.    5 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")                                                                                
    35.                                                                                                                         
    36. /*------------------- 获得SQL语句的SQL_ID,可以看出此SQL_ID与上面显示的执行计划中的SQL_ID一致 ----------*/              
    37. SQL> select sql_id,address,plan_hash_value,hash_value,child_number from v$sql                                           
    38.   2  where sql_text like '%SELECT ename%' and sql_text not like '%from v$sql%';                                         
    39.                                                                                                                         
    40. SQL_ID        ADDRESS          PLAN_HASH_VALUE HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER                                                  
    41. ------------- ---------------- --------------- ---------- ------------                                                  
    42. a67wqmkfb9j65 0000000091DBFBC8      2385808155 2629092549            0                                                  
    43.                                                                                                                         
    44. /*-------------- 传递SQL_ID以及format参数,并配合修饰符控制执行计划的输出 ------------------------*/                    
    45. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('a67wqmkfb9j65',null,'typical -predicate -rows'));                   
    46.                                                                                                                         
    47. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT                                                                                                       
    48. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                    
    49. SQL_ID  a67wqmkfb9j65, child number 0                                                                                   
    50. -------------------------------------                                                                                   
    51. SELECT ename,dname,loc FROM   emp e, dept d WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno                                                  
    52. AND    e.empno  = 7788                                                                                                  
    53.                                                                                                                         
    54. Plan hash value: 2385808155                                                                                             
    55.                                                                                                                         
    56. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                        
    57. | Id  | Operation                    | Name    | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |                                        
    58. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                        
    59. |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |         |       |     3 (100)|          |                                        
    60. |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |         |    63 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                        
    61. |   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP     |    33 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                        
    62. |   3 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP  |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                        
    63. |   4 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    | 12270 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                        
    64. |   5 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_DEPT |       |     0   (0)|          |                                        
    65. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                        

            3、查看真实执行计划并获得统计信息
                    前提条件
                            设置参数statistics_level为all,可以基于session级别以及实例级别
                            或者启用gather_plan_statistics提示      

    1. /*-------------查看实例参数statistics_level的值,并在会话级别将其设定为all  ---------*/                                  
    2. SQL> show parameter statistics_le                                                                                        
    3.                                                                                                                          
    4. NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE                                                                   
    5. ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------                                          
    6. statistics_level                     string      ALL                                                                     
    7.                                                                                                                          
    8. SQL> alter session set statistics_level=all;                                                                             
    9.                                                                                                                          
    10. Session altered.                                                                                                         
    11.                                                                                                                          
    12. SQL> select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade                                                                                        
    13.   2  from emp e                                                                                                          
    14.   3  join salgrade s                                                                                                     
    15.   4  on e.sal between losal and hisal                                                                                    
    16.   5  and e.deptno = 20;                                                                                                  
    17.                                                                                                                          
    18. ENAME             SAL      GRADE                                                                                         
    19. ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                                         
    20. SCOTT            3000          4                                                                                         
    21. FORD             3000          4                                                                                         
    22. JONES            2975          4                                                                                         
    23. ADAMS            1100          1                                                                                         
    24. SMITH             800          1                                                                                         
    25.                                                                                                                          
    26. /*------- 执行上述SQL语句后获得其真实的执行计划,使用了iostats last -predicate -note 修饰符控制显示输出 -----*/          
    27. SQL> set pagesize 0                                                                                                      
    28. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'iostats last -predicate -note'));                          
    29. SQL_ID  243b0tpjxj6wv, child number 0                                                                                    
    30. -------------------------------------                                                                                    
    31. select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade from emp e join salgrade s on e.sal between losal and                                       
    32. hisal and e.deptno = 20                                                                                                  
    33.                                                                                                                          
    34. Plan hash value: 4204027666                                                                                              
    35.                                                                                                                          
    36. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                              
    37. | Id  | Operation            | Name     | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |                              
    38. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                              
    39. |   1 |  MERGE JOIN          |          |      1 |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |      14 |                              
    40. |   2 |   SORT JOIN          |          |      1 |      5 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                              
    41. |   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP      |      1 |      5 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                              
    42. |   4 |   FILTER             |          |      5 |        |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                              
    43. |   5 |    SORT JOIN         |          |      5 |      5 |     14 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                              
    44. |   6 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALGRADE |      1 |      5 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                              
    45. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                              
    46.                                                                                                                          
    47. /*---------------- 修改会话级别的参数statistics_level为typical并验证修改结果 ----------------*/                          
    48. SQL> alter session set statistics_level=typical;                                                                         
    49.                                                                                                                                  
    50. SQL> col name format a40                                                                                                 
    51. SQL> col value format a25                                                                                                
    52. SQL> col display_value format a25                                                                                        
    53. SQL> select name, value, display_value, isses_modifiable                                                                 
    54.   2  from v$parameter                                                                                                    
    55.   3  where isses_modifiable = 'TRUE'                                                                                     
    56.   4  and name like '%&input_name%';                                                                                      
    57. Enter value for input_name: statistics_level                                                                             
    58. old   4: and name like '%&input_name%'                                                                                   
    59. new   4: and name like '%statistics_level%'                                                                              
    60.                                                                                                                          
    61. NAME                                     VALUE                     DISPLAY_VALUE             ISSES                       
    62. ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----                       
    63. statistics_level                         TYPICAL                   TYPICAL                   TRUE                        
    64.                                                                                                                          
    65. /*-------- 使用提示gather_plan_statistics,并获得其真实执行计划,使用了allstats -rows修饰符控制显示输出 ---*/            
    66. SQL> set pagesize 180                                                                                                    
    67. SQL> SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ ename,dname,loc                                                                
    68.   2  FROM   emp e, dept d                                                                                                
    69.   3  WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno                                                                                          
    70.   4  AND    d.deptno=20 ORDER BY 1,2,3;                                                                                  
    71.                                                                                                                          
    72. ENAME      DNAME          LOC                                                                                            
    73. ---------- -------------- -------------                                                                                  
    74. ADAMS      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                         
    75. FORD       RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                         
    76. JONES      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                         
    77. SCOTT      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                         
    78. SMITH      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                         
    79.                                                                                                                          
    80. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats -rows'));                                         
    81.                                                                                                                          
    82. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT                                                                                                        
    83. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                        
    84. SQL_ID  d2hh42yzqqjz7, child number 0                                                                                    
    85. -------------------------------------                                                                                    
    86. SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ ename,dname,loc FROM   emp e, dept d WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno AND                 
    87. d.deptno=20 ORDER BY 1,2,3                                                                                               
    88.                                                                                                                          
    89. Plan hash value: 3339094711                                                                                              
    90.                                                                                                                          
    91. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
    92. | Id  | Operation                     | Name    | Starts | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |  OMem |  1Mem |  O/1/M   |    
    93. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
    94. |   1 |  SORT ORDER BY                |         |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       9 |  2048 |  2048 |     1/0/0|    
    95. |   2 |   NESTED LOOPS                |         |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       9 |       |       |          |    
    96. |   3 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |       |       |          |    
    97. |*  4 |     INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_DEPT |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |       |       |          |    
    98. |*  5 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL          | EMP     |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |       |       |          |    
    99. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
    100.                                                                                                                          
    101. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):                                                                      
    102. ---------------------------------------------------                                                                      
    103.                                                                                                                          
    104.    4 - access("D"."DEPTNO"=20)                                                                                           
    105.    5 - filter("E"."DEPTNO"=20)                                                                                           
    106.                                                                                                                          
    107. Note                                                                                                                     
    108. -----                                                                                                                    
    109.    - dynamic sampling used for this statement                                                                            

    三、总结
            1、与display函数不同,display_cursor显示的为真实的执行计划
            2、对于format参数,使用与display函数的各个值,同样适用于display_cursor函数
            3、当statistics_level为all或使用gather_plan_statistics提示可以获得执行时的统计信息
            4、根据真实与预估的统计信息可以初步判断SQL效率低下的原因,如统计信息的准确性、主要的开销位于那些步骤等  

    转载:http://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/6866925

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/future2012lg/p/4152570.html
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