• GitHub 简易使用


    笔记内容

    学习笔记-段玉磊 Github

    Github 命令

    写这篇文章主要写一下如何运用终端命令,进行Git的配置以及使用,由于本人我不太习惯使用图形IDE,效率没有命令行高,我还是推荐使用命令行进行Git的使用。


    简单介绍

    简要说一下Git,Git只是一个版本控制工具,举例来说,我之前写一个多核归并算法,将文件保存命名为MergeSort.c,由于发现一个Bug,将一段段代码注释,显得很糟乱,之后就把自认为错误的代码删掉,保存后,发现之前删掉的代码没有错误,想返回的时候却没有办法回去了。这就要用到Git了。

    如果想要删代码的时候,先把代码上传一下,通过 git push,之后就算把代码全部删掉,也可以通过Git返回上一个时间点,如果修改多次,返回第一次修改的时间点的代码,也可以顺利的看到。

    由于Git需要一个服务器,进行上传或者下载代码,因此,Github就是一个免费服务器,注册账户后就可以通过Github的IDE管理代码,并且清晰看到每个git commit后显示修改的代码。

    GitHub的配置

    安装并且配置 Git

    首先去官方网站下载GitHub App,我是MAC用户,MAC的GitHub 选项中可以自动安装 Gitosxkeychain helper ,如果是Linux可能需要手动安装 Gitosxkeychain helper.

    如果没有安装Git,就通过官方下载Git版本管理工具,下载并且安装最新版本的Git.

    安装好后通过以下命令来配置Git。下面的命令是我用我的用户名和邮箱进行设置。只配置一次就够了,当然不会每次配置用户名密码这么麻烦。

    $ git config --global user.name "YuLei"
    $ git config --global user.email "suiyun@me.com"
    

    如果是MAC,利用IDE自动装好Git帮助选项,就不需要通过命令行安装osxkeychain,上面命令配置好后,安装osxkeychain,通过以下命令:

    $ git credential-osxkeychain
    # Test for the cred helper
      git: 'credential-osxkeychain' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
    $ curl -s -O 
      https://github-media-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/osx/git-credential-osxkeychain
    # Download the helper
    
    $ chmod u+x git-credential-osxkeychain
    # Fix the permissions on the file so it can be run
    
    
    $ sudo mv git-credential-osxkeychain 
      "$(dirname $(which git))/git-credential-osxkeychain"
    # Move the helper to the path where git is installed
      Password: [enter your password]
    
    $  git config --global credential.helper osxkeychain
    # Set git to use the osxkeychain credential helper
    

    这样就配置好GitHub了。

    GitHub 的基本使用

    首先通过Git,新建一个项目,并且提交到Github上面去,现在IDE创建一个repository,然后找到giturl,通过 git clone下载到本地。

    $ git clone https://github.com/dyulei/blog.git
    # 克隆到本地,但是无法上传更改,需要权限
    
    $ mkdir Github & cd Github
    # 创建在本地管理远程项目的目录
    
    $ touch README.md
    # 创建一个文件,由于Github需要一个说明文件
    
    $ git add .
    # 增加要同步的目录中的所有文件
    
    $ git commit -m 'first commit'
    $ git commit -a 
    
    # -m是手动添加, -a 自动添加注释上传更新
    
    $ git remote add Blog https://github.com/dyulei/blog.git
    # 远程服务器别名:Blog 上传的地址:https://github.com/dyulei/blog.git
    
    $ git pull -u Blog master
    # 将服务器数据下载到本地文件夹
    
    $ git push -u Blog master
    # 将服务器数据上传到远程服务器
    
    $ git rm README.md
    # 从本地库中删除文件
    

    关于分支版本的操作,创建并且合并分支,由于Git很多时候是一个团队在用,每个人都负责一小部分,最后合成一大部分,所以就要通过分支控制,最后进行合并。当然下面的代码是最容易的部分,GitHub具有相当强大的功能在分支版本控制上面。

    $ git branch 
    # 显示当前分支是master
    
    $ git branch new-feature
    # 创建分支
    
    $ git checkout new-feature
    # 切换到新分支中
    
    $ git add sort.c
    $ git commit -a
    $ git push origin new-feature
    # 将分支结构提交到远程服务器,但是没有和主干进行合并
    
    $ git checkout master 
    # 切换的主干中去
    $ git merge new-feature 
    # 把分支合并到主干中去
    $ git branch
    $ git push
    # 此时主干和分支已经合并
    

    About Me

    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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/firstrate/p/3802781.html
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