这是一个在窗体标题栏添加自定义按钮的组件(TTitleBarButton)开发实例,标题栏按钮组件TTitleBarButton以TComponent为直接继承对象,它是一个可以在窗体标题栏上显示按钮的组件,像最大化、最小化和关闭按钮等。
1、首先确定组件的属性。
属性是组件的重要组成部分,它相当于组件的门面,因为一旦一个组件被置于窗体中时,用户必然想到去设置组件的各种属性,编写各种事件的处理过程。TTitleBarButton有以下属性:
Color:用来决定按钮表面的颜色。
Glyph:用来决定按钮表面的图片。
PopupMenu:用来决定右键单击按钮时的弹出菜单。
RightMargin:用来确定按钮的位置,以窗体右边界为基准。
Visible:用来决定按钮是否可见。
2、确定组件的方法。
方法是组件的基本构成部分之一,在编写方法时,尽量减少方法间的依赖关系,并确定方法的可见度,以及是否为虚函数等。在本例中,主要方法如下:
function GetBoundsRect: TRect; 用来确定按钮的边界矩形,可见度为private
procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage); 窗体的新的窗口过程,private
procedure Paint; virtual; 该类的继承者可以override该方法,但用户不能直接调该方法
procedure Repaint; 是Paint方法的对外接口,用户可以调用此方法,以强制重新画按钮
3、确定组件的事件。
事件实际上是一种特殊的属性,它也是组件的很重要组成部分,事件为组件响应系统发生的行为而执行的一段代码连接。事件就是方法指针,是方法的触发器。TtitleBarButton只有一个事件:
OnClick事件,用来响应用户的Click事件代码。
4、另外,要减少组件的依赖关系。
使一个组件在执行其代码时所受的约束尽可能地少,这是开发组件的一个主要目标,它也是衡量一个组件性能好坏的重要标准之一。
实现标题栏按钮需要解决以下主要问题:
(1) 如何确定按钮的边界,即Left,Top,Width,Height
通过GetWindowRect来取得窗体的边界矩形,通过GetSystemMetrics取得窗体的框架宽度和标题栏按钮的高度、宽度。再加上RightMargin属性就可以基本上确定按钮的边界了。
(2) 如何画按钮的外观(包括按下和凸起)
通过GetWindowDC来取得窗体DC(包括标题栏、菜单、滚动条等),我们就可以在这个DC上画按钮了。
(3) 如何让按钮响应消息(比如Click,单击右键弹出菜单等)
我们可以通过GetWindowLong取得窗体的窗口过程,然后把我们新定义的窗口过程通过SetWindowLong给这个窗体,然后我们在自己的窗口过程中来让按钮响应消息。
全部代码如下:
unit TitleBarButton; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Menus, Dialogs; type TTitleBarButton = class(TComponent) private FColor: TColor; FGlyph: TBitmap; FForm: TCustomForm; FOldWndProc: Pointer; FButtonDown: Boolean; FVisible: Boolean; FRightMargin: Cardinal; FPopup: TPopupMenu; FOnClick: TNotifyEvent; procedure SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap); procedure SetVisible(const Value: Boolean); procedure SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal); function GetBoundsRect: TRect; procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage); protected procedure Notification(Component: TComponent;Operation: TOperation); override; procedure Paint; virtual; public constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override; destructor Destroy; override; procedure Repaint; property BoundsRect: TRect read GetBoundsRect; published property Color: TColor read FColor write FColor default clBtnFace; property Glyph: TBitmap read FGlyph write SetGlyph; property PopupMenu: TPopupMenu read FPopup write FPopup; property RightMargin: Cardinal read FRightMargin write SetRightMargin default 100; property Visible: Boolean read FVisible write SetVisible default False; property OnClick: TNotifyEvent read FOnClick write FOnClick; end; procedure Register; implementation procedure Register; begin RegisterComponents('Sample', [TTitleBarButton]); end; { TTitleBarButton } constructor TTitleBarButton.Create(AOwner: TComponent); var ptr: Pointer; begin inherited; FForm := GetParentForm(TControl(AOwner)); FGlyph := TBitmap.Create; FColor := clBtnFace; FVisible := False; FRightMargin := 100; FButtonDown := False; FOldWndProc := Pointer(GetWindowLong(FForm.Handle,GWL_WNDPROC)); ptr := MakeObjectInstance(NewWndProc); SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, Longint(ptr)); end; destructor TTitleBarButton.Destroy; begin if not (csDestroying in FForm.ComponentState) then begin SetVisible(false); SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, LongInt(FOldWndProc)); end; FGlyph.Free; inherited; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.NewWndProc(var message: TMessage); function HitButton(APoint: TPoint): Boolean; begin APoint.x := APoint.x - FForm.Left; APoint.y := APoint.y - FForm.Top; Result := PtInRect(BoundsRect,APoint); end; var p: TPoint; begin with message do begin if Visible then begin case Msg of WM_NCPAINT , WM_NCACTIVATE : begin Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); RePaint; end; WM_NCHITTEST : begin Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); if Result = HTCAPTION then begin RePaint; p.x := LoWord(LParam); ScreenToClient(FForm.Handle,p); with BoundsRect do //减去框架宽度 if (p.x >= Left-4) and (p.x <= Right-4) then Result := 888; end; end; WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK: begin Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); with TWMNCLButtonDown(message) do if not HitButton(Point(XCursor, YCursor)) then Exit; if WParam = 888 then begin FButtonDown := True; Repaint; SetCapture(FForm.Handle); end; end; WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK: begin if WParam = 888 then begin if Assigned(FPopup) then begin p.x := FForm.Left + BoundsRect.Left; p.y := FForm.Top + BoundsRect.Bottom; FPopup.Popup(p.x,p.y); end; end else Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; WM_NCLBUTTONUP,WM_LBUTTONUP : begin if FButtonDown then begin FButtonDown := False; RePaint; ReleaseCapture; if Assigned(FOnClick) then FOnClick(self); end else Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; else Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; end else Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap); begin FGlyph.Assign(Value); SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0); end; procedure TTitleBarButton.SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal); begin FRightMargin := Value; SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0); end; procedure TTitleBarButton.SetVisible(const Value: Boolean); begin FVisible := Value; SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0); end; procedure TTitleBarButton.Notification(Component: TComponent; Operation: TOperation); begin inherited; if (Operation = opRemove) and (Component = FPopup) then FPopup := nil; end; function TTitleBarButton.GetBoundsRect: TRect; var Rec: TRect; FrameThick: Integer; //窗体框架厚度 BtnWidth,BtnHeight: Integer; //标题栏按钮的宽度和高度 begin GetWindowRect(FForm.Handle,Rec); //得到窗体边界矩形,相对于屏幕左上角 with Result do begin FrameThick := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFRAME); Left := (Rec.Right - Rec.Left) - RightMargin - FrameThick; Top := FrameThick; if FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin, bsSizeable] then begin Dec(Left, 2); Inc(Top, 2); end else begin Dec(Left); Inc(Top); end; if (FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin,bsToolWindow]) then begin BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMSIZE) - 2; BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSMSIZE) - 4; end else begin BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSIZE) - 2; BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSIZE) - 4; end; Right := Left + BtnWidth; Bottom := Top + BtnHeight; end; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.Paint; var GlyphRect: TRect; begin if not FVisible then Exit; with TCanvas.Create do begin try Handle := GetWindowDC(FForm.Handle); //得到窗体DC,包括标题栏、菜单、滚动条等 Brush.Color := FColor; //画Button凸起和按下时的外观 if FButtonDown then Pen.Color := clBtnHighlight else Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow; Rectangle(BoundsRect); with BoundsRect do begin if FButtonDown then Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow else Pen.Color := clBtnHighLight; MoveTo(Left,Bottom-2); LineTo(Left,Top); LineTo(Right-1,Top); Pen.Color := clGray; if FButtonDown then begin MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-3); LineTo(Left+1,Top+1); LineTo(Right-2,Top+1); end else begin MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-2); LineTo(Right-2,Bottom-2); LineTo(Right-2,Top); end; end; if Assigned(Glyph) then //如果关联了图片,则画图片 begin GlyphRect := BoundsRect; GlyphRect.Right := GlyphRect.Right - 7; GlyphRect.Bottom := GlyphRect.Bottom - 5; if FButtonDown then OffsetRect(GlyphRect,4,3) else OffsetRect(GlyphRect,3,2); with GlyphRect do StretchBlt(Handle, Left, Top, Right-Left, Bottom-Top, FGlyph.Canvas.Handle, 0, 0, FGlyph.Width, FGlyph.Height, srcCopy); end; finally ReleaseDC(FForm.Handle,Handle); Free; end; end; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.Repaint; begin Paint; end; end.
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