什么是主线程?
一个iOS程序运行后,默认会开启一条线程,称为“主线程”或“UI线程”
主线程的主要作用
1.显示/刷新UI界面
2.处理UI事件(比如点击事件,滚动事件,拖拽事件)
主线程的使用注意
1.别将比较耗时的操作放在主线程中
2.耗时操作会卡在主线程中,严重影响UI的流畅程度
如图,将耗时操作放在主线程中,任务会按照串行顺序执行,在第五秒点击按钮之后,界面会卡住5秒
因为耗时操作还没有执行完,不能立即响应按钮的点击
1.pthread的使用
void *run(void *parme) {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
NSLog(@"%d",i);
}
return NULL;
}
- (IBAction)btnClick:(id)sender {
pthread_t thread;
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, run, NULL);
}
2.NSThread的使用
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
[self createThread3];
}
//第一种创建方法
- (void)createThread1 {
//需要几个线程就alloc几个
NSThread *thread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run:) object:@"第一种"];
thread.name = @"one_thread";
[thread start];
}
//第二种创建方法
- (void)createThread2 {
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run:) toTarget:self withObject:@"第二种"];
}
//第三种创建方法
- (void)createThread3 {
[self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(run:) withObject:@"第三种"];
}
- (void)run:(NSString *)param {
NSLog(@"______%@_____%@",param,[NSThread currentThread]);
}
3.GCD的使用
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
[self syncMain];
}
/**
同步函数+主队列
*/
- (void)syncMain {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
NSLog(@"syncMain ---- begin");
//将任务加入到队列
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
NSLog(@"syncMain ---- end");
}
/**
异步函数+主队列
*/
- (void)asyncMain {
//异步函数用在主队列上就不会开线程了
//获得串行队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
//将任务加入到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
/**
同步函数+串行队列:不会开启新的线程,在当前线程执行任务
*/
- (void)syncSerial {
//创建串行队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.520.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//将任务加入到队列
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
/**
异步函数+串行队列:会开启新的线程,但是任务是串行的,执行完一个任务,再执行下一个任务
*/
- (void)asyncSerial {
//创建串行队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.520.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//将任务加入到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
/**
同步函数+并发队列:不会开启线程
*/
- (void)syncConcurrent {
//获得全局的并发队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
//将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
/**
异步函数+并发队列:可以同时开启多条线程
*/
- (void)asycConcurrent {
//创建一个队列
//第一个参数是标签等同于名字
//第二个参数传串行还是并行
// dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("img.download", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
//获得全局的并发队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
//将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
});
//将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
});
//将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
});
}
在使用GCD时,主要分为两步
1.定制任务
2.将任务添加到队列
这里还需要区分下同步,异步,并行,串行
同步异步:影响是否开启新的线程
并行串行:影响任务的执行方式
4.NSOperation的使用
NSOperation是抽象类,并不具备封装操作,必须使用它的子类
使用NSOperation子类的方式有三种
1.NSInvocationOperation
2.NSBlockOperation
3.自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部响应的方法
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
//创建队列
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
//创建任务1(invocationOperation方法)
NSInvocationOperation *op1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download1) object:nil];
//创建任务2(blockOperation方法)
NSBlockOperation *op2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op2 addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}];
//创建任务3(自定义方法)
DDZOperation *op3 = [[DDZOperation alloc] init];
//添加任务到队列中
[queue addOperation:op1];
//内部自动调start方法
[queue addOperation:op2];
[queue addOperation:op3];
}
- (void)download1 {
NSLog(@"download1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
补充在自定义的DDZOperation中只有实现main方法才会开启线程处理任务
@implementation DDZOperation
- (void)main {
NSLog(@"自定义-----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}