• XPath实例教程


    实例 1
    基本的XPath语法类似于在一个文件系统中定位文件,如果路径以斜线 / 开始, 那么该路径就表示到一个元素的绝对路径

    /AAA

    选择根元素AAA


         <
    AAA
              <BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </DDD> 
              <CCC/> 
         </
    AAA>

     

    /AAA/CCC

    选择AAA的所有CCC子元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB/> 
              <
    CCC/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </DDD> 
              <
    CCC/> 
         </AAA>

     

    /AAA/DDD/BBB

    选择AAA的子元素DDD的所有子元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
              </DDD> 
              <CCC/> 
         </AAA>

     

     

    实例 2

    如果路径以双斜线 // 开头, 则表示选择文档中所有满足双斜线//之后规则的元素(无论层级关系)

     

    //BBB

    选择所有BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
              </DDD> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                   </DDD> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //DDD/BBB

    选择所有父元素是DDD的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
              </DDD> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                   </DDD> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

     

    实例 3

    星号 * 表示选择所有由星号之前的路径所定位的元素

     

    /AAA/CCC/DDD/*

    选择所有路径依附于/AAA/CCC/DDD的元素


         <AAA> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <BBB/> 
                        <BBB/> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    FFF/> 
                   </DDD> 
              </CCC> 
              <CCC> 
                   <BBB> 
                        <BBB> 
                             <BBB/> 
                        </BBB> 
                   </BBB> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    /*/*/*/BBB

    选择所有的有3个祖先元素的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                   </DDD> 
              </CCC> 
              <CCC> 
                   <BBB> 
                        <
    BBB
                             <BBB/> 
                        </
    BBB
                   </BBB> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //*

    选择所有元素


         <
    AAA
              <
    XXX
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    FFF/> 
                   </
    DDD
              </
    XXX
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    BBB/> 
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    FFF/> 
                   </
    DDD
              </
    CCC
              <
    CCC
                   <
    BBB
                        <
    BBB
                             <
    BBB/> 
                        </
    BBB
                   </
    BBB
              </
    CCC
         </
    AAA>

     

     

     

    实例 4

    方块号里的表达式可以进一步的指定元素, 其中数字表示元素在选择集里的位置, 而last()函数则表示选择集中的最后一个元素.

     

    /AAA/BBB[1]

    选择AAA的第一个BBB子元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
         </AAA>

     

    /AAA/BBB[last()]

    选择AAA的最后一个BBB子元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <BBB/> 
              <
    BBB/> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

    实例 5

    //@id

    选择所有的id属性


         <AAA> 
              <BBB
     id = "b1"/> 
              <BBB
     id = "b2"/> 
              <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
              <BBB/> 
         </AAA>

     

    //BBB[@id]

    选择有id属性的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB id = "b1"/> 
              <
    BBB id = "b2"/> 
              <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
              <BBB/> 
         </AAA>

     

    //BBB[@name]

    选择有name属性的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB id = "b1"/> 
              <BBB id = "b2"/> 
              <
    BBB name = "bbb"/> 
              <BBB/> 
         </AAA>

     

    //BBB[@*]

    选择有任意属性的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB id = "b1"/> 
              <
    BBB id = "b2"/> 
              <
    BBB name = "bbb"/> 
              <BBB/> 
         </AAA>

     

    //BBB[not(@*)]

    选择没有属性的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB id = "b1"/> 
              <BBB id = "b2"/> 
              <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
              <
    BBB/> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

    实例 6

    属性的值可以被用来作为选择的准则, normalize-space函数删除了前部和尾部的空格, 并且把连续的空格串替换为一个单一的空格

     

    //BBB[@id='b1']

    选择含有属性id且其值为'b1'的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB id = "b1"/> 
              <BBB name = " bbb "/> 
              <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
         </AAA>

     

    //BBB[@name='bbb']

    选择含有属性name且其值为'bbb'的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB id = "b1"/> 
              <BBB name = " bbb "/> 
              <
    BBB name = "bbb"/> 
         </AAA>

     

    //BBB[normalize-space(@name)='bbb']

    选择含有属性name且其值(在用normalize-space函数去掉前后空格后)为'bbb'的BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB id = "b1"/> 
              <
    BBB name = " bbb "/> 
              <
    BBB name = "bbb"/> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

    实例 7

    count()函数可以计数所选元素的个数

     

    //*[count(BBB)=2]

    选择含有2个BBB子元素的元素


         <AAA> 
              <CCC> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </CCC> 
              <
    DDD
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </
    DDD
              <EEE> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </EEE> 
         </AAA>

     

    //*[count(*)=2]

    选择含有2个子元素的元素


         <AAA> 
              <CCC> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </CCC> 
              <
    DDD
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </
    DDD
              <
    EEE
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </
    EEE
         </AAA>

     

    //*[count(*)=3]

    选择含有3个子元素的元素


         <
    AAA
              <
    CCC
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </
    CCC
              <DDD> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </DDD> 
              <EEE> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </EEE> 
         </
    AAA>

     

     

     

    实例 8

    name()函数返回元素的名称, start-with()函数在该函数的第一个参数字符串是以第二个参数字符开始的情况返回true, contains()函数当其第一个字符串参数包含有第二个字符串参数时返回true.

     

    //*[name()='BBB']

    选择所有名称为BBB的元素(这里等价于//BBB)


         <AAA> 
              <BCC> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
              </BCC> 
              <DDB> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
              </DDB> 
              <BEC> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DBD/> 
              </BEC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //*[starts-with(name(),'B')]

    选择所有名称以"B"起始的元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BCC
                   <
    BBB/> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
              </
    BCC
              <DDB> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
                   <
    BBB/> 
              </DDB> 
              <
    BEC
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DBD/> 
              </
    BEC
         </AAA>

     

    //*[contains(name(),'C')]

    选择所有名称包含"C"的元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BCC
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </
    BCC
              <DDB> 
                   <BBB/> 
                   <BBB/> 
              </DDB> 
              <
    BEC
                   <
    CCC/> 
                   <DBD/> 
              </
    BEC
         </AAA>

     

     

     

    实例 10

    多个路径可以用分隔符 | 合并在一起

     

    //CCC | //BBB

    选择所有的CCC和BBB元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <
    CCC/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <
    CCC/> 
              </DDD> 
              <EEE/> 
         </AAA>

     

    /AAA/EEE | //BBB

    选择所有的BBB元素和所有是AAA的子元素的EEE元素


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <CCC/> 
              </DDD> 
              <
    EEE/> 
         </AAA>

     

    /AAA/EEE | //DDD/CCC | /AAA | //BBB

    可以合并的路径数目没有限制


         <
    AAA
              <
    BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
              <DDD> 
                   <
    CCC/> 
              </DDD> 
              <
    EEE/> 
         </
    AAA>

     

     

     

    实例 11

    child轴(axis)包含上下文节点的子元素, 作为默认的轴,可以忽略不写.

     

    /AAA

    等价于 /child::AAA


         <
    AAA
              <BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
         </
    AAA>

     

    /child::AAA

    等价于/AAA


         <
    AAA
              <BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
         </
    AAA>

     

    /AAA/BBB

    等价于/child::AAA/child::BBB


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
         </AAA>

     

    /child::AAA/child::BBB

    等价于/AAA/BBB


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
         </AAA>

     

    /child::AAA/BBB

    二者都可以被合并


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB/> 
              <CCC/> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 12

    descendant (后代)轴包含上下文节点的后代,一个后代是指子节点或者子节点的子节点等等, 因此descendant轴不会包含属性和命名空间节点.

     

    /descendant::*

    选择文档根元素的所有后代.即所有的元素被选择


         <
    AAA
              <
    BBB
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    CCC
                             <
    DDD/> 
                             <
    EEE/> 
                        </
    CCC
                   </
    DDD
              </
    BBB
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    EEE
                             <
    DDD
                                  <
    FFF/> 
                             </
    DDD
                        </
    EEE
                   </
    DDD
              </
    CCC
         </
    AAA>

     

    /AAA/BBB/descendant::*

    选择/AAA/BBB的所有后代元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    CCC
                             <
    DDD/> 
                             <
    EEE/> 
                        </
    CCC
                   </
    DDD
              </BBB> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE> 
                             <DDD> 
                                  <FFF/> 
                             </DDD> 
                        </EEE> 
                   </DDD> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //CCC/descendant::*

    选择在祖先元素中有CCC的所有元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <CCC> 
                             <
    DDD/> 
                             <
    EEE/> 
                        </CCC> 
                   </DDD> 
              </BBB> 
              <CCC> 
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    EEE
                             <
    DDD
                                  <
    FFF/> 
                             </
    DDD
                        </
    EEE
                   </
    DDD
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //CCC/descendant::DDD

    选择所有以CCC为祖先元素的DDD元素


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <CCC> 
                             <
    DDD/> 
                             <EEE/> 
                        </CCC> 
                   </DDD> 
              </BBB> 
              <CCC> 
                   <
    DDD
                        <EEE> 
                             <
    DDD
                                  <FFF/> 
                             </
    DDD
                        </EEE> 
                   </
    DDD
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 13

    parent轴(axis)包含上下文节点的父节点, 如果有父节点的话

     

    //DDD/parent::*

    选择DDD元素的所有父节点


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    CCC
                             <DDD/> 
                             <EEE/> 
                        </
    CCC
                   </DDD> 
              </
    BBB
              <
    CCC
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    EEE
                             <DDD> 
                                  <FFF/> 
                             </DDD> 
                        </
    EEE
                   </DDD> 
              </
    CCC
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 14

    ancestor轴(axis)包含上下节点的祖先节点, 该祖先节点由其上下文节点的父节点以及父节点的父节点等等诸如此类的节点构成,所以ancestor轴总是包含有根节点,除非上下文节点就是根节点本身.

     

    /AAA/BBB/DDD/CCC/EEE/ancestor::*

    选择一个绝对路径上的所有节点


         <
    AAA
              <
    BBB
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    CCC
                             <DDD/> 
                             <EEE/> 
                        </
    CCC
                   </
    DDD
              </
    BBB
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE> 
                             <DDD> 
                                  <FFF/> 
                             </DDD> 
                        </EEE> 
                   </DDD> 
              </CCC> 
         </
    AAA>

     

    //FFF/ancestor::*

    选择FFF元素的祖先节点


         <
    AAA
              <BBB> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <CCC> 
                             <DDD/> 
                             <EEE/> 
                        </CCC> 
                   </DDD> 
              </BBB> 
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    EEE
                             <
    DDD
                                  <FFF/> 
                             </
    DDD
                        </
    EEE
                   </
    DDD
              </
    CCC
         </
    AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 15

    following-sibling轴(axis)包含上下文节点之后的所有兄弟节点

     

    /AAA/BBB/following-sibling::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </BBB> 
              <
    XXX
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </
    XXX
              <
    CCC
                   <DDD/> 
              </
    CCC
         </AAA>

     

    //CCC/following-sibling::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <
    DDD/> 
              </BBB> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <
    FFF/> 
                        <
    FFF
                             <GGG/> 
                        </
    FFF
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 16

    preceding-sibling 轴(axis)包含上下文节点之前的所有兄弟节点

     

    /AAA/XXX/preceding-sibling::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </
    BBB
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //CCC/preceding-sibling::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB
                   <CCC/> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </
    BBB
              <
    XXX
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </
    XXX
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 17

    following轴(axis)包含同一文档中按文档顺序位于上下文节点之后的所有节点, 除了祖先节点,属性节点和命名空间节点

     

    /AAA/XXX/following::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <DDD> 
                             <EEE/> 
                        </DDD> 
                   </ZZZ> 
                   <FFF> 
                        <GGG/> 
                   </FFF> 
              </BBB> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD/> 
              </
    CCC
         </AAA>

     

    //ZZZ/following::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <DDD> 
                             <EEE/> 
                        </DDD> 
                   </ZZZ> 
                   <
    FFF
                        <
    GGG/> 
                   </
    FFF
              </BBB> 
              <
    XXX
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    DDD/> 
                        <
    CCC/> 
                        <
    FFF/> 
                        <
    FFF
                             <
    GGG/> 
                        </
    FFF
                   </
    DDD
              </
    XXX
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD/> 
              </
    CCC
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 18

    preceding(axis)包含同一文档中按文档顺序位于上下文节点之前的所有节点, 除了祖先节点,属性节点和命名空间节点

     

    /AAA/XXX/preceding::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB
                   <
    CCC/> 
                   <
    ZZZ
                        <
    DDD/> 
                   </
    ZZZ
              </
    BBB
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //GGG/preceding::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB
                   <
    CCC/> 
                   <
    ZZZ
                        <
    DDD/> 
                   </
    ZZZ
              </
    BBB
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    DDD/> 
                        <
    CCC/> 
                        <
    FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 19

    descendant-or-self 轴(axis)包含上下文节点本身和该节点的后代节点

     

    /AAA/XXX/descendant-or-self::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ> 
                        <DDD/> 
                   </ZZZ> 
              </BBB> 
              <
    XXX
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    DDD/> 
                        <
    CCC/> 
                        <
    FFF/> 
                        <
    FFF
                             <
    GGG/> 
                        </
    FFF
                   </
    DDD
              </
    XXX
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //CCC/descendant-or-self::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <
    CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ> 
                        <DDD/> 
                   </ZZZ> 
              </BBB> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <
    CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD/> 
              </
    CCC
         </AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 20

    ancestor-or-self 轴(axis)包含上下文节点本身和该节点的祖先节点

     

    /AAA/XXX/DDD/EEE/ancestor-or-self::*

     


         <
    AAA
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ> 
                        <DDD/> 
                   </ZZZ> 
              </BBB> 
              <
    XXX
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <GGG/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </
    DDD
              </
    XXX
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </
    AAA>

     

    //GGG/ancestor-or-self::*

     


         <
    AAA
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ> 
                        <DDD/> 
                   </ZZZ> 
              </BBB> 
              <
    XXX
                   <
    DDD
                        <EEE/> 
                        <DDD/> 
                        <CCC/> 
                        <FFF/> 
                        <
    FFF
                             <
    GGG/> 
                        </
    FFF
                   </
    DDD
              </
    XXX
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </
    AAA>

     

     

     

     

    实例 21

    ancestor, descendant, following, preceding 和self轴(axis)分割了XML文档(忽略属性节点和命名空间节点), 不能交迭, 而一起使用则包含所有节点

     

    //GGG/ancestor::*

     


         <
    AAA
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ/> 
              </BBB> 
              <
    XXX
                   <
    DDD
                        <EEE/> 
                        <
    FFF
                             <HHH/> 
                             <GGG> 
                                  <JJJ> 
                                       <QQQ/> 
                                  </JJJ> 
                                  <JJJ/> 
                             </GGG> 
                             <HHH/> 
                        </
    FFF
                   </
    DDD
              </
    XXX
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </
    AAA>

     

    //GGG/descendant::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ/> 
              </BBB> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <HHH/> 
                             <GGG> 
                                  <
    JJJ
                                       <
    QQQ/> 
                                  </
    JJJ
                                  <
    JJJ/> 
                             </GGG> 
                             <HHH/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //GGG/following::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ/> 
              </BBB> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <HHH/> 
                             <GGG> 
                                  <JJJ> 
                                       <QQQ/> 
                                  </JJJ> 
                                  <JJJ/> 
                             </GGG> 
                             <
    HHH/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD/> 
              </
    CCC
         </AAA>

     

    //GGG/preceding::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <
    BBB
                   <
    CCC/> 
                   <
    ZZZ/> 
              </
    BBB
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <
    HHH/> 
                             <GGG> 
                                  <JJJ> 
                                       <QQQ/> 
                                  </JJJ> 
                                  <JJJ/> 
                             </GGG> 
                             <HHH/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //GGG/self::*

     


         <AAA> 
              <BBB> 
                   <CCC/> 
                   <ZZZ/> 
              </BBB> 
              <XXX> 
                   <DDD> 
                        <EEE/> 
                        <FFF> 
                             <HHH/> 
                             <
    GGG
                                  <JJJ> 
                                       <QQQ/> 
                                  </JJJ> 
                                  <JJJ/> 
                             </
    GGG
                             <HHH/> 
                        </FFF> 
                   </DDD> 
              </XXX> 
              <CCC> 
                   <DDD/> 
              </CCC> 
         </AAA>

     

    //GGG/ancestor::* | //GGG/descendant::* | //GGG/following::* | //GGG/preceding::* | //GGG/self::*

     


         <
    AAA
              <
    BBB
                   <
    CCC/> 
                   <
    ZZZ/> 
              </
    BBB
              <
    XXX
                   <
    DDD
                        <
    EEE/> 
                        <
    FFF
                             <
    HHH/> 
                             <
    GGG
                                  <
    JJJ
                                       <
    QQQ/> 
                                  </
    JJJ
                                  <
    JJJ/> 
                             </
    GGG
                             <
    HHH/> 
                        </
    FFF
                   </
    DDD
              </
    XXX
              <
    CCC
                   <
    DDD/> 
              </
    CCC
         </
    AAA>

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