为什么会有线程同步的概念呢?为什么要同步?什么是线程同步?先看一段代码:
package com.maso.test; public class ThreadTest2 implements Runnable{ private TestObj testObj = new TestObj(); public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadTest2 tt = new ThreadTest2(); Thread t1 = new Thread(tt, "thread_1"); Thread t2 = new Thread(tt, "thread_2"); t1.start(); t2.start(); } @Override public void run() { for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++){ int i = fix(1); try { Thread.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : i = " + i); } } public int fix(int y){ return testObj.fix(y); } public class TestObj{ int x = 10; public int fix(int y){ return x = x - y; } } }输出结果后,就会发现变量x被两个线程同时操作,这样就很容易导致误操作。如何才能解决这个问题呢?用线程的同步技术,加上synchronized关键字
public synchronized int fix(int y){ return testObj.fix(y); }加上同步后,就可以看到有序的从9输出到-10.
如果加到TestObj类的fix方法上能不能实现同步呢?
public class TestObj{ int x = 10; public synchronized int fix(int y){ return x = x - y; } }如果将synchronized加到方法上则等价于
synchronized(this){ }可以判断出两个线程使用的TestObj类的同一个实例testOjb,所以后实现同步,但是输出的结果却不是理想的结果。这是因为当A线程执行完x = x - y后还没有输出则B线程已经进入开始执行x = x - y.
所以像下面这样输出就不会有什么问题了:
public class TestObj{ public TestObj(){ System.out.println("调用了构造函数"); } int x = 10; public synchronized int fix(int y){ x = x - y; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : x = " + x); return x; } }如果将外部的fix方法修改如下:
public int fix(int y){ ax++ ; if(ax%2 == 0){ return testObj.fix(y, testObj.str1); }else{ return testObj.fix(y, testObj.str2); } }
public class TestObj{ String str1 = "a1"; String str2 = "a2"; public TestObj(){ System.out.println("调用了构造函数"); } int x = 10; public int fix(int y, String str){ synchronized (str) { x = x - y; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : x = " + x); } return x; } }此时synchronized中的str对象不是同一个对象,所以两个线程所持有的对象锁不是同一个,这样就不能实现同步。要实现线程之间的互斥就要使用同一个对象锁。
什么是死锁呢?举个例子就是比如你和同学租了个两室的房子,你拿着你房子的钥匙,你同学拿着他房子的钥匙,现在你在房子等你同学将他的钥匙给你然后你进他房子,你同学在他的房子等你将钥匙给他然后他进你的房子,这样就死锁了。
package com.maso.test; public class ThreadDieSock implements Runnable { private int flag = 1; private Object obj1 = new Object(), obj2 = new Object(); public void run() { System.out.println("flag=" + flag); if (flag == 1) { synchronized (obj1) { System.out.println("我已经锁定obj1,休息0.5秒后锁定obj2去!"); try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } synchronized (obj2) { System.out.println("1"); } } } if (flag == 0) { synchronized (obj2) { System.out.println("我已经锁定obj2,休息0.5秒后锁定obj1去!"); try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } synchronized (obj1) { System.out.println("0"); } } } } public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadDieSock run01 = new ThreadDieSock(); ThreadDieSock run02 = new ThreadDieSock(); run01.flag = 1; run02.flag = 0; Thread thread01 = new Thread(run01); Thread thread02 = new Thread(run02); System.out.println("线程开始喽!"); thread01.start(); thread02.start(); } }