主从复制
补充一点:⑤slave端的IO thread 将从master端请求来的二进制日志文件中的内容存储到relay_log(中继日志)中
图片来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaocen/p/3702945.html
mysql主从配置
yum配置
[mariadb]
name=MariaDB
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.3/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
服务器1: MariaDB01 192.168.254.28
服务器2: MariaDB02 192.168.254.29
操作系统: CentOS7.3
数据库版本: MariaDB-10.3.7
主从关系: MariaDB01为主,MariaDB02为从
MariaDB01
1. 修改配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
在[mysqld]下加入以下
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
2. 重启mysql服务
service mysqld restart
3.创建主从连接帐号与授权
CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'slave';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%';
flush privileges;
4.show master status
MariaDB02
1. 修改配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
server-id=2
2. 重启mysql服务
service mysqld restart
3.登录数据库
mysql -uroot -proot
4. 建立主从连接
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.254.28', MASTER_USER='slave', MASTER_PASSWORD='slave', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=1443;
start slave;
5.验证!!!
create database test01
use test01
create table students(id int(10), name char(20), age int(10))
之后查看从节点是否有test01数据库和students表
6.查看mysql二进制log
mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
#如果出现不同步可以执行以下步骤
stop slave
set GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
start slave
或者
stop slave;
mysql> change master to
master_host='192.168.254.28',
master_user='user',
master_password='pwd',
master_port=3306,
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',
master_log_pos=483;
start slave
查看线程命令:
show slave status G;
多主集群
实战Mariadb10.3(10.3自带galera软件) galera Cluster集群架构
Mariadb galera Cluster安装:
操作系统:Centos7.3版本
集群数量:3个节点
主机信息:
192.168.153.142 node1 selinux=disabled firewalld关闭
192.168.153.143 node2 selinux=disabled firewalld关闭
192.168.153.144 node3 selinux=disabled firewalld关闭
搭建步骤
1.主机之间互相解析:三台节点都要执行
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.153.142 node1
192.168.153.143 node2
192.168.153.144 node3
2.安装软件包
第一种方法:(yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client galera)
配置yum安装源和配置mariadb galera安装源
yum源配置挂iso
设置mariadb的yum源并安装(所有节点都要)
修改yum源文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3.5/centos74-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
安装galera软件时需要解决它的依赖包:boost-program-options.x86_64 (直接yum源安装即可)
3.mariadb初始化 (三个节点都需要执行)
安装完成后会提示需要对mariadb进行初始化(设置密码)
systemctl start mariadb
mysql_secure_installation (按提示设置mysql密码)
systemctl stop mariadb
4.配置galera
主节点配置文件server.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[galera]
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so #galera的库文件的地址
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.153.142,192.168.153.143,192.168.153.144" #各节点的ip
wsrep_node_name=node1 #节点主机名
wsrep_node_address=192.168.153.142 #节点ip
binlog_format=row #二进制日志设置为行模式
default_storage_engine=InnoDB #使用的默认引擎
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 #性能最好
wsrep_slave_threads=1 #并行复制线程数
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 #0.log buffer将每秒一次地写入log file中,并且log file的flush(刷到磁盘)操作同时进行。该模式下在事务提交的时候,不会主动触发写入磁盘的操作。
#1:每次事务提交时MySQL都会把log buffer的数据写入log file,并且flush(刷到磁盘)中去,该模式为系统默认。
#2:每次事务提交时MySQL都会把log buffer的数据写入log file,但是flush(刷到磁盘)操作并不会同时进行。该模式下,MySQL会每秒执行一次 flush(刷到磁盘)操作
innodb_buffer_pool_size=120M #设置缓存池大小
wsrep_sst_method=rsync #远程同步
wsrep_causal_reads=ON #避免各个节点的数据不一致,这种情况需要等待全同步复制
将此文件复制到mariadb-2、mariadb-3,注意要把 wsrep_node_name 和 wsrep_node_address 改成相应节点的 hostname 和 ip。
5.启动集群服务:
启动 MariaDB Galera Cluster 服务:
(第一次启动要用初始化:mysqld_safe --wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.254.24,192.168.254.27,192.168.254.36 >/dev/null &)
[root@node1 ~]# /bin/galera_new_cluster
剩余两节点启动方式为:
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
查看集群状态:(集群服务使用了4567和3306端口))
[root@node1 ~]# netstat -tulpn | grep -e 4567 -e 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4567 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 3557/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 ::: LISTEN 3557/mysqld
6.验证集群状态:
在node1上执行:
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p ##进入数据库
查看是否启用galera插件
连接mariadb,查看是否启用galera插件
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_ready";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| wsrep_ready | ON |
+---------------+-------+
row in set (0.004 sec)
目前集群机器数
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_cluster_size";
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
row in set (0.001 sec)
查看集群状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep%";
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 14 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 1.200000 |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 22 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 | ##集群成员
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##UUID 集群唯一标记
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary | ##主服务器
| wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_connected | ON | ##当前是否连接中
| wsrep_desync_count | 0 |
| wsrep_evs_delayed | |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list | |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 0/0/0/0/0 |
| wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 0eba3aff-2341-11e8-b45a-f277db2349d5 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 | ##连接中的数据库
| wsrep_last_committed | 9 | ##sql 提交记录
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 | ##从执行事务过程被本地中断
| wsrep_local_cached_downto | 5 |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 | ##本地失败事务
| wsrep_local_commits | 4 | ##本地执行的sql
| wsrep_local_index | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.057143 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 2 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_replays | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 | ##本地发出的队列
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.000000 | ##队列平均时间间隔
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 1 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##集群ID
| wsrep_protocol_version | 8 |
| wsrep_provider_name | Galera |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy <info@codership.com> |
| wsrep_provider_version | 25.3.23(r3789) |
| wsrep_ready | ON | ##插件是否应用中
| wsrep_received | 35 | ##数据复制接收次数
| wsrep_received_bytes | 5050 |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 1022 |
| wsrep_repl_keys | 14 |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 232 |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated | 5 | ##随着复制发出的次数
| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 1600 | ##数据复制发出的字节数
| wsrep_thread_count | 2 |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
rows in set (0.003 sec)
查看连接的主机
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_incoming_addresses";
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
row in set (0.002 sec)
7.测试集群mariad数据是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> create database lizk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.010 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| china |
| hello |
| hi |
| information_schema |
| lizk |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
rows in set (0.001 sec)
在其他两个节点上可以查看lizk库已经同步。
注意:
如果galera_new_cluster 报错
vim /var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat
把safe_to_bootstrap更改为1
# GALERA saved state
version: 2.1
uuid: a393feef-f639-11e8-9b89-4e75f9b8fb0f
seqno: -1
safe_to_bootstrap: 1
注意:
防火墙放行 4444端口