M2M自关联特性:
class UserInfo(models.Model): nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32) username = models.CharField(max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=64) gender_choices = ( (1,'男'), (2,'女'), ) gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices) m = models.ManyToManyField('UserInfo') 会额外生成一张表,userinfo_m 里面有三列id 、from_userinfo_id、to_userinfo_id M2M自关联特性: obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first() # from_userinfo_id obj.m => select xx from xx where from_userinfo_id = 1 # to_userinfo_id obj.userinfo_set => select xx from xx where to_userinfo_id = 1 定义: # 前面列:男生ID # 后面列:女生ID 查男生 xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first() u = xz.m.all() for row in u: print(row.nickname) 查女神 xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).first() v = xz.userinfo_set.all() for row in v: print(row.nickname)
FK自关联:
class Comment(models.Model): """ 评论表 """ news_id = models.IntegerField() # 新闻ID content = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 评论内容 user = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 评论者 reply = models.ForeignKey('Comment',null=True,blank=True,related_name='xxxx') #blank Admin中是否允许用户输入为空 """ 新闻ID reply_id 1 1 别比比 root null 2 1 就比比 root null 3 1 瞎比比 shaowei null 4 2 写的正好 root null 5 1 拉倒吧 由清滨 2 6 1 拉倒吧1 xxxxx 2 7 1 拉倒吧2 xxxxx 5 """ """ 新闻1 别比比 就比比 - 拉倒吧 - 拉倒吧2 - 拉倒吧1 瞎比比 新闻2: 写的正好 """
中间件
- 应用:对所有请求或一部分请求做批量处理
在配置setting中MIDDLEWARE就是中间件 创建一个文件m1.py from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class Middle1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self, request): print('m1.process_request') 结果直接传递给下一个中间件。 # return HttpResponse('不要再往下传了') 如果有返回值,就不再传递给下一个中间件了。 def process_response(self, request, response): print('m1.process_response') return response 必须要返回,不然下一个中间件不能拿到结果。 在配置setting中MIDDLEWARE添加中间件m1 “m1. Middle1”
中间件的分类和执行顺序:
process_request
如果有返回值,1.10版本以后就从当前中间件执行process_response,1.10版本以前,从最后一个中间件执行process_response
process_view 找到路由匹配,如果有返回值,从最后一个中间件执行process_response
test:
自己在视图函数做封装:
class JSONResponse:
def __init__(self,req,status,msg):
self.req = req
self.status = status
self.msg = msg
def render(self):
import json
ret = {
'status': self.status,
'msg':self.msg
}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
def test(request):
return JSONResponse(request,True,"错误信息")
process_template_view 如果视图函数有render返回值才执行
process_exception 有错误才执行,然后再执行process_response,如果有返回值Httpresponse处理了异常,就不再处理后面的异常了,直接执行process_response
process_response
必须有返回值
return response
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print('m1.process_request')
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
print('m1.process_view')
# response = callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs)
# return response
def process_response(self,request,response):
print('m1.process_response')
return response
def process_exception(self, request, exception):
print('m1.process_exception')
def process_template_response(self,request,response):
"""
视图函数的返回值中,如果有render方法,才被调用
:param request:
:param response:
:return:
"""
print('m1.process_template_response')
return response