• [LeetCode] Search a 2D Matrix


    Write an efficient algorithm that searches for a value in an m x n matrix. This matrix has the following properties:

    • Integers in each row are sorted from left to right.
    • The first integer of each row is greater than the last integer of the previous row.

    For example,

    Consider the following matrix:

    [
      [1,   3,  5,  7],
      [10, 11, 16, 20],
      [23, 30, 34, 50]
    ]
    

    Given target = 3, return true.

     方法一:

    首先要找到target处于的行,即在所有行的第一元素中找第一个比target小的元素。

    // 注意,此处mid= (low+high+1)/2, 不是 mid = (low+high)/2
    // 原因是此处要找的是第一个比target小的数,当array[mid] < target 时,low =mid,
    // low仍然在我们的搜索范围之中,我们让high逐渐比较low。
    // 举例,array={2,5}, low=0,high=1,target=3,
    // 如果mid = (low+high)/2就会进入死循环,我们要让mid更接近high
    // 如果要找的是第一个比target大的数,则使用mid = (low+high)/2,可以参考我自己写的upper_bound函数

     1 class Solution
     2 {
     3     public:
     4         bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int> > &matrix, int target)
     5         {
     6             int rowNum =  matrix.size();
     7             int colNum =  matrix[0].size();
     8 
     9             int rowLow = 0;
    10             int rowHigh = rowNum - 1;
    11 
    12         // step1. 找到合适的行,找到比某行的第一个元素比target小的那一行
    13             while(rowLow < rowHigh)
    14             {
    15         // 注意,此处mid= (low+high+1)/2, 不是 mid = (low+high)/2
    16         // 原因是此处要找的是第一个比target小的数,当array[mid] < target 时,low =mid,
    17         // low仍然在我们的搜索范围之中,我们让high逐渐比较low。
    18         // 举例,array={2,5}, low=0,high=1,target=3,
    19         // 如果mid = (low+high)/2就会进入死循环,我们要让mid更接近high
    20         // 如果要找的是第一个比target大的数,则使用mid = (low+high)/2,可以我的参考upper_bound函数
    21                 int mid = (rowLow + rowHigh + 1)/2;
    22                 if(matrix[mid][0] ==  target)
    23                     return true;
    24                 if(matrix[mid][0] < target)
    25                     rowLow = mid ;
    26                 else
    27                     rowHigh = mid - 1 ;
    28 
    29             }
    30 
    31         //step2. 在行内二分
    32             int colLow = 0;
    33             int colHigh = colNum - 1;
    34             while(colLow <= colHigh)
    35             {
    36                 int mid = (colLow + colHigh)/2;
    37                 if(matrix[rowLow][mid] == target)
    38                     return true;
    39                 if(target > matrix[rowLow][mid] )
    40                     colLow = mid + 1;
    41                 else
    42                     colHigh = mid - 1;
    43 
    44             }
    45             return false;
    46 
    47 
    48         }
    49 };

     方法二:将matrxi当成一个有序的大数组,直接二分法,只是计算出的mid要换算成行和列

     1 class Solution
     2 {
     3     public:
     4         bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int> > &matrix, int target) 
     5         {   
     6     
     7             int rowNum =  matrix.size();
     8             int colNum =  matrix[0].size();
     9     
    10             int low = 0;
    11             int high = rowNum * colNum - 1;
    12             int mid = 0;
    13             int row = 0, col = 0;
    14 
    15             while(low <= high)
    16             {   
    17                 mid = (low + high) /2; 
    18     
    19                 row = mid/colNum;
    20                 col = mid%colNum;
    21 
    22                 if(matrix[row][col] == target)
    23                     return true;
    24                 if(matrix[row][col] > target)
    25                     high = mid -1; 
    26                 else
    27                     low = mid +1; 
    28             }   
    29             return false;
    30 
    31         } 
    32 };
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/diegodu/p/3811867.html
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