操作系统环境： Linux
配置vscode的C/C++编译环境需要安装插件：
本文的配置是指在linux下不使用vscode插件中自动配置，而是采用手动编写配置文件。主要原因是插件自动生成的C/C++配置文件功能不全面，为了更好的适应C/C++的语言特性、编写功能更强大的C/C++语言，所以采用手动编写配置文件。
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VSCODE中C/C++配置需要最少两个文件：
.vscode/task.json
.vscode/launch.json
本文中demo的C语言代码：
mainX.c
#include<stdio.h> void main() { int a=0; a++; a+=2; a-=3; printf("a=%d\n",a); return; }
运行结果：
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.vscode/task.json 为C/C++项目配置编译条件：
{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "shell",
"label": "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件",
"command": "/usr/bin/gcc-7",
"args": [
"-fdiagnostics-color=always",
"-g",
"${file}",
"-o",
"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}111"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}
"command": "/usr/bin/gcc-7", 指定c/c++编译器路径
“arg” 参数中“-g” 表示编译生成的可执行文件带有调试信息，我们一般习惯在该参数后指定需要编译的源文件，其中${file}指的是当前打开的当前文件，这里我们也可以改写该文件名，不然的话每次编译都要保证当前打开的文件是需要编译的文件，这里只的需要编译的文件是指 main 函数所在的文件。
“-o” 是指编译后的文件存储地址和文件名，${fileDirname}指的是当前打开文件所在的目录， ${fileBasenameNoExtension}指的是当前打开文件的不带扩展名后的文件名，这里我们为了区别名称使用 ${fileBasenameNoExtension}111 意味着编译后的文件名为 mainX111 。
.vscode/launch.json 为C/C++项目配置运行条件：
{
// 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。
// 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
// 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "gcc-7 - 生成和调试活动文件",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}111",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${fileDirname}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件",
"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
}
]
}
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}111", "program"指定需要执行的文件路径
"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件", "preLaunchTask" 指定运行编译好文件前需要执行的任务
需要注意的是 "preLaunchTask" 中的值 "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件" 需要和 task.json 中的"label" 值 "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件"保持一致，否则的话运行编译后的文件前会找不到需要执行编译的配置信息。
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.vscode/task.json
{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "shell",
"label": "build task",
"command": "/usr/bin/gcc-7",
"args": [
"-fdiagnostics-color=always",
"-g",
"${file}",
"-o",
"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}
.vscode/launch.json
{
// 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。
// 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
// 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "gcc-7 - 生成和调试活动文件",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${fileDirname}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "build task",
"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
}
]
}
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参考资料：
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/variables-reference
Predefined variables
The following predefined variables are supported:
- ${workspaceFolder} - the path of the folder opened in VS Code
- ${workspaceFolderBasename} - the name of the folder opened in VS Code without any slashes (/)
- ${file} - the current opened file
- ${fileWorkspaceFolder} - the current opened file's workspace folder
- ${relativeFile} - the current opened file relative to
workspaceFolder - ${relativeFileDirname} - the current opened file's dirname relative to
workspaceFolder - ${fileBasename} - the current opened file's basename
- ${fileBasenameNoExtension} - the current opened file's basename with no file extension
- ${fileDirname} - the current opened file's dirname
- ${fileExtname} - the current opened file's extension
- ${cwd} - the task runner's current working directory on startup
- ${lineNumber} - the current selected line number in the active file
- ${selectedText} - the current selected text in the active file
- ${execPath} - the path to the running VS Code executable
- ${defaultBuildTask} - the name of the default build task
- ${pathSeparator} - the character used by the operating system to separate components in file paths