• core Animation动画


    在iOS中,图形可分为以下几个层次:
    
    
    
    越上层,封装程度越高,动画实现越简洁越简单,但是自由度越低;反之亦然。本文着重介绍Core Animation层的基本动画实现方案。
    
    在iOS中,展示动画可以类比于显示生活中的“拍电影”。拍电影有三大要素:演员+剧本+开拍,概念类比如下:
    
    演员--->CALayer,规定电影的主角是谁
    剧本--->CAAnimation,规定电影该怎么演,怎么走,怎么变换
    开拍--->AddAnimation,开始执行
    一、概念介绍
    
    1.1CALayer是什么呢?
    
    CALayer是个与UIView很类似的概念,同样有layer,sublayer...,同样有backgroundColor、frame等相似的属性,我们可以将UIView看做一种特殊的CALayer,只不过UIView可以响应事件而已。一般来说,layer可以有两种用途,二者不互相冲突:一是对view相关属性的设置,包括圆角、阴影、边框等参数,更详细的参数请点击这里;二是实现对view的动画操控。因此对一个view进行core animation动画,本质上是对该view的.layer进行动画操纵。
    1.2CAAnimation是什么呢?
    
    CAAnimation可分为四种:
    
    1.CABasicAnimation
    通过设定起始点,终点,时间,动画会沿着你这设定点进行移动。可以看做特殊的CAKeyFrameAnimation
    2.CAKeyframeAnimation
    Keyframe顾名思义就是关键点的frame,你可以通过设定CALayer的始点、中间关键点、终点的frame,时间,动画会沿你设定的轨迹进行移动
    3.CAAnimationGroup
    Group也就是组合的意思,就是把对这个Layer的所有动画都组合起来。PS:一个layer设定了很多动画,他们都会同时执行,如何按顺序执行我到时候再讲。
    4.CATransition
    这个就是苹果帮开发者封装好的一些动画
    二、动手干活
    
    实践出真知,看个例子就知道:
    
    比如我们想实现一个类似心跳的缩放动画可以这么做,分为演员初始化、设定剧本、电影开拍三个步骤:
    
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    - (void)initScaleLayer
    {
        //演员初始化
        CALayer *scaleLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
        scaleLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor].CGColor;
        scaleLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 20 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
        scaleLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
        [self.view.layer addSublayer:scaleLayer];
        [scaleLayer release];
         
        //设定剧本
        CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>animationWithKeyPath:</strong>@"transform.scale"</span>];
        scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
        scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.5];
        scaleAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
        scaleAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
        scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
        scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
         
        //开演
        [scaleLayer addAnimation:scaleAnimation forKey:@"scaleAnimation"];
    }
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    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
        [self initScaleLayer];
    }
    效果请参考附图中的绿色方块(我不懂在mac下怎么录制gif图,先借用kk的图)。其他效果可以依葫芦画瓢轻松实现。想要实现不同的效果,最关键的地方在于CABasicAnimation对象的初始化方式中keyPath的设定。在iOS中有以下几种不同的keyPath,代表着不同的效果:
    
    
    
    此外,我们还可以利用GroupAnimation实现多种动画的组合,在GroupAnimation中的各个动画类型是同时进行的。
    
    复制代码
     1 - (void)initGroupLayer
     2 {
     3     //演员初始化
     4     CALayer *groupLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
     5     groupLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 340+100 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
     6     groupLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
     7     groupLayer.backgroundColor = [[UIColor purpleColor] CGColor];
     8     [self.view.layer addSublayer:groupLayer];
     9     [groupLayer release];
    10     
    11     //设定剧本
    12     CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
    13     scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
    14     scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.5];
    15     scaleAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
    16     scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
    17     scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
    18     
    19     CABasicAnimation *moveAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
    20     moveAnimation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:groupLayer.position];
    21     moveAnimation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(320 - 80,
    22                                                                   groupLayer.position.y)];
    23     moveAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
    24     moveAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
    25     moveAnimation.duration = 2;
    26     
    27     CABasicAnimation *rotateAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.x"];
    28     rotateAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0];
    29     rotateAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:6.0 * M_PI];
    30     rotateAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
    31     rotateAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
    32     rotateAnimation.duration = 2;
    33     
    34     CAAnimationGroup *groupAnnimation = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
    35     groupAnnimation.duration = 2;
    36     groupAnnimation.autoreverses = YES;
    37     groupAnnimation.animations = @[moveAnimation, scaleAnimation, rotateAnimation];
    38     groupAnnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
    39     //开演
    40     [groupLayer addAnimation:groupAnnimation forKey:@"groupAnnimation"];
    41 }
    复制代码
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    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
        [self initGroupLayer];
    } 
    
    
     完整的demo工程点CAAnimationDemo.zip下载 
    
    =======================================================
    

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/deng37s/p/4599937.html
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