• Linux常用命令英文全称与中文解释Linux系统


    Linux常用命令英文全称与中文解释Linux系统 


    man: Manual 意思是手册,可以用这个命令查询其他命令的用法。

    pwd:Print working directory 意思是密码。

    su:Swith user 切换用户,切换到root用户

    cd:Change directory 切换目录

    ls:List files 列出目录下的文件

    ps:Process Status 进程状态

    mkdir:Make directory 建立目录

    rmdir:Remove directory 移动目录

    mkfs: Make file system 建立文件系统

    fsck:File system check 文件系统检查

    cat: Concatenate 串联

    uname: Unix name 系统名称

    df: Disk free 空余硬盘

    du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率

    lsmod: List modules 列表模块

    mv: Move file 移动文件

    rm: Remove file 删除文件

    cp: Copy file 复制文件

    ln: Link files 链接文件

    fg: Foreground 前景

    bg: Background 背景

    chown: Change owner 改变所有者

    chgrp: Change group 改变用户组

    chmod: Change mode 改变模式

    umount: Unmount 卸载

    dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”,但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”,所以命名为“dd”

    tar:Tape archive 解压文件

    ldd:List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依

    insmod:Install module 安装模块

    rmmod:Remove module 删除模块

    lsmod:List module 列表模块
    sudo是superuser do的简写



    reboot:重启
    logout :退出 注销
    binary :二进制
    device:设备 手段
    etcetera:等等 系统配置文件
    recursion:递归(-R)
    disrecursion:不递归)(-d)
    force:直接覆盖(-f)
    all:所有的(-a)
    list:列出所有信息(-l)

    if:提示是否覆盖(-I)
    普通文件(-):文本文件和二进制文件
    目录文件(d):文件夹
    连接文件(l):ln创建的文件
    特殊文件:设备文件(b,c)和管道文件(p)
    图形界面要注销就从菜单里选择或者快捷键ctrl+alt+backspace
    修改登录界面启动:vi /etc/inittab
    3 文本 5 图像

    使用 man或info 查看有关命令的帮助
    使用fdisk -l 显示分区情形;df -h显示磁盘使用情形
    使用du -sh /*查看某个(根目录所有文件夹)目录占有磁盘情形
    查看linux版本号:uname -a
    清屏:clear
    检查修复文件系统(非正常关机):fsck
    查找文件:find /etc -name 文件名 (/etc为起始目录)
    列出某个目录的详细信息:ls -l /etc(/etc为目录)
    当前目录:cd . 上一层目录:cd .. 查看目录路径:pwd
    创建目录:mkdir 1(1为文件名)
    删除空目录:rmdir 1 删除不为空的目录或文件:rm -r(-f) 1
    查看用户信息:vi /etc/passwd
    隐式密码:vi /etc/shadow
    查看某个文件的内容:cat /etc/inittab
    移动文件:mv 1.c /root (移动1.c到root中)
    创建文件:vi 1.c
    复制文件到指定目录:cp /root/1.c/home/1.c(从root目录复制到home目录下)
    比较两个文件:diff 1.c 2.c 或cmp 1.c 2.c
    标准用户输入:cat (输入完后安ctrl d退出)

    显示重定向:ls -l > ls.txt(显示到ls.txt上;0>输入重定向;1>输出重定向;2>错误重定向)

    设置文件的读写权限:chmod u+w 1.c(增加文件拥有者对1.c写的权限)
    chmod g-r 1.c( 删除工作组对1.c读的权限)
    chmod o+x 1.c(增加其他用户对1.c的执行权限)
    chmod a-w 1.c(删除所有用户对1.c写的权限)
    列出文件索引好:ls -i

    构建软硬连接:in -s /home/lxt008 /008(将lxt008链接至008 即008是lxt008的快捷方式 若无-s就是硬链接)


    查看DNS客户端配置:more /etc/resolv.conf
    查看ip地址:ifconfig(看以上两者的ip是否相符,若不相符 使用下面的命令修改)
    更改网络配置:netconfig(修改好后,要使用service network restart重启网络后方能生效)
    查看默认路关:route -n
    修改默认网关:route add default gw 192.168.88.1(ip和默认网关在同一网段方能联网)
    或使用 ifconfig eth0 192.168.88.8 netmask 255.255.255.0 修改ip和子网掩码
    结束进程:ctrl+ c(或D)
    查看网络状况:netstat


    查看某个rpm包是否安装:rpm -qi a.rpm
    安装某个包:rpm -ivh a.rpm
    打包:tar -cvf lxt008.tar /home/lxt008(将home目录下的路线图lxt008文件夹打包成lxt008.tar v是view简写 f为file)
    解包:tar -xvf lxt008.tar /home(解压到home中)
    查看包的内容:tar -tvf lxt008.tar
    打包并压缩:tar -czvf 008.tar.gz /home/lxtoo8
    解压包:tar -xzvf 008.tar.gz /home


    注释掉:#
    创建shell脚本:vi first.sh
    显示字符串:echo "王林"
    等待从终端输入给变量:read f(f为变量)
    显示变量内容:echo ${f}
    查看环境变量:env
    不需要换行:-n
    查看运行的进程:ps
    杀掉某个线程:kill 1186(1186是线程号)
    将某个进程设为后台运行:find / -name passwd &(将find / -name passwd进程设为后台运行)

    管道:ls -l /dev | more (列出dev目录下的详细信息 又要分页)

    vi编辑器中保存文件:w +文件名
    显示行号::set nu

    http://mark-ztw.iteye.com/blog/1544367


    Linux的命令及全称

    apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
    ar = archiver
    as = assembler
    awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
     
    bash = Bourne Again SHell
    bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
    bg = BackGround
    bin = BINaries(binary)
     
    cal = CALendar calendar
    cat = CATenate 
    cd = Change Directory
    chgrp = CHange GRouP
    chmod = CHange MODe
    chown = CHange OWNer
    chsh = CHange SHell
    cmp = compare
    cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
    comm = common
    cp = CoPy
    cpio = CoPy In and Out
    cpp = C Pre Processor
    cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
    cups = Common Unix Printing System
    cvs = Current Version System
     
    daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
    dc = Desk Calculator
    dd = Disk Dump
    df = Disk Free
    diff = DIFFerence
    dmesg = diagnostic message
    du = Disk Usage
     
    ed = editor
    egrep = Extended GREP
    elf = Extensible Linking Format
    elm = ELectronic Mail
    emacs = Editor MACroS
    eval = EVALuate
    ex = EXtended
    exec = EXECute/dev = devices
     
    fd = file descriptors
    fg = ForeGround
    fgrep = Fixed GREP
    Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
    fmt = format
    fsck = File System ChecK
    fstab = FileSystem TABle
    FIFO = First In, First Out
     
    gawk = GNU AWK
    gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
    groff = GNU troff
    GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
     
    hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
     
    IFS = Internal Field Seperators
     
    joe = Joe's Own Editor
     
    ksh = Korn SHell
     
    lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
    lex = LEXical analyser
    lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
    ln = LiNk
    lpr = Line PRint
    ls = list
    lsof = LiSt Open Files
    LILO = LInux LOader
     
    m4 = Macro processor Version 4
    man = MANual pages
    mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
    mc = Midnight Commander
    MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
    mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
    mknod = MaKe NODe
    motd = Message of The Day
    mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
    mtab = Mount TABle
    mv = MoVe
     
    nano = Nano's ANOther editor
    nawk = New AWK
    nl = Number of Lines
    nm = names
    nohup = No HangUP
    nroff = New ROFF
     
    od = Octal Dump
     
    passwd = PASSWorD
    pg = pager
    pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
    pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
    ping = Packet InterNet Groper
    pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
    popd = POP Directory
    pr = pre
    printf = PRINT Formatted
    ps = Processes Status
    pty = pseudo tty
    pushd = PUSH Directory
    pwd = Print Working Directory
     
    rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
    rev = REVerse
    rm = ReMove
    rn = Read News
    roff = RunOFF
    rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
    rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote
    rxvt = ouR XVT
     
    sed = Stream EDitor
    seq = SEQuence
    shar = SHell ARchive
    slrn = S-Lang rn
    ssh = Secure SHell
    ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
    stty = Set TTY
    su = Substitute User 或 Switch User(前者较常见)
    sudo = superuser / substitue user do
    svn = SubVersioN
     
    tar = Tape ARchive
    tcsh = TENEX C shell
    tee = T (T形水管接口)
    telnet = TEminaL over Network
    termcap = terminal capability
    terminfo = terminal information
    tex = 希腊文art
    tr = traslate
    troff = Typesetter new ROFF
    tsort = Topological SORT
    tty = TeleTypewriter
    twm = Tom's Window Manager
    tz = TimeZone
     
    udev = Userspace DEV
    ulimit = User's LIMIT
    umask = User's MASK
    uniq = UNIQue
     
    vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient vim = Vi IMproved
     
    wall = write all
    wc = Word Count
    wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator xargs = eXtended ARGuments
     
    xdm = X Display Manager
    xlfd = X Logical Font Description
    xmms = X Multimedia System
    xrdb = X Resources DataBase
    xwd = X Window Dump
     
    yacc = yet another compiler compiler
    YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
     
    附部分目录的全称:
     
    /dev = devices
    /etc = ETCetera etcetera
    /lib = LIBrary
    /proc = PROCesses
    /sbin = Superuser BINaries
    /tmp = TeMPorary
    /usr = Unix Shared Resources
    /var = VARiable
     
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/daishuguang/p/4044083.html
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