一、源码分析前还是需要一张流程图作为指导，如下：
二、简单介绍以及源码定位
DispatcherServlet其实就是一个HttpServlet，他是HttpServlet的子类，所以它和普通的HttpServlet在web.xml里同样的配置。
这个Servlet的doPost和doGet方法的实现是DispatcherServlet的父类FrameworkServlet中实现的，两个方法里都是调用processRequest方法。processRequest的实现是在FrameworkServlet中，此方法中最主要的操作就是调用doService方法。
doService方法的最终实现是在DispatcherServlet中，这样所有的Http请求（GET、POST、PUT和DELETE等）的最终操作就DispatcherServlet中实现了。
DispatcherServlet中doService的实现如下，对Request设置了一些全局属性，最终接下来的操作是在doDispatcher函数中实现了。
[java] view plain copy
//获取请求，设置一些request的参数，然后分发给doDispatch
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String resumed = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).hasConcurrentResult() ? " resumed" : "";
logger.debug("DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'" + resumed +
" processing " + request.getMethod() + " request for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "]");
}
// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<String, Object>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith("org.springframework.web.servlet")) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
/* 设置web应用上下文**/
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
/* 国际化本地**/
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
/* 样式**/
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
//设置样式资源
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
//请求刷新时保存属性
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
//Flash attributes 在对请求的重定向生效之前被临时存储（通常是在session)中，并且在重定向之后被立即移除
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
//FlashMap 被用来管理 flash attributes 而 FlashMapManager 则被用来存储，获取和管理 FlashMap 实体.
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
try {
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
}
}
doDispatch()方法源码如下：
/**
* Process the actual dispatching to the handler.
* <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order.
* The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters
* to find the first that supports the handler class.
* <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers
* themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response current HTTP response
* @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
*/
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
}
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Error err) {
triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}三、通过阅读源码总结分析流程如下：
1. web应用服务器接收到一个新请求是，读取web.xml中的配置，如果匹配DispatcherServlet的请求映射路径，web容器将该请求转发给DispatcherServlet进行处理
2. DispatcherServlet接收到请求后，执行doDispatch方法，此方法遍历DispatcherServlet中的HandlerMapping（处理器映射器）集合，根据请求的HttpServletRequest信息通过HandlerMapping对象方法找到HandlerExecutionChain(执行链，内含拦截器和处理器)。
3. DispatcherServlet继续执行doDispatch方法，根据得到的HandlerExecutionChain(执行链)中的handler遍历自己的HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器)集合，找到支持这个Handler的HandlerAdapter并返回。
4.继续doDispatch方法，把HandlerExecutionChain(执行链)内部的那些前置拦截器逻辑都执行完，然后再再通过得到的HandlerAdapter执行HandlerExecutionChain内部的处理器，会返回一个ModelAndView包含了视图逻辑名和模型数据信息
5.调用执行链的方法，执行拦截器的后置拦截器
6. ModelAndView中包含的是“逻辑视图名”，而非真正的视图对象，DispatcherServlet借助ViewResolver完成逻辑视图名到真实视图名对象的解析工作
7. 当得到真实的视图对象View后，DispatcherServlet就使用这个View对象对ModelAndView中的模型数据进行视图渲染
8. 最终客户端得到HTML页面什么的