• sysbench 0.5:简介及使用


    1. sysbench 介绍

    sysbench是一个模块化的、跨平台、多线程基准测试工具,主要用于评估测试各种不同系统参数 下的数据库负载情况。

    它主要包括以下几种方式的测试:

    1. cpu性能
    2. 磁盘io性能
    3. 调度程序性能
    4. 内存分配及传输速度
    5. POSIX线程性能
    6. 数据库性能(OLTP基准测试)

    目前sysbench主要支持MySQL,Pgsql和Oracle这3种数据库。

    2、开始测试

    2.1 CPU性能测试

    根据官网的介绍可知:CPU测试使用64位整数,测试计算素数直到某个最大值所需要的时间。

    sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run

    输出如下:

    Maximum prime number checked in CPU test: 200000
    
    
    Test execution summary:
        total time:                          286.5703s
        total number of events:              10000
        total time taken by event execution: 285197.4463
        per-request statistics:
             min:                                109.67ms
             avg:                              28519.74ms
             max:                              36760.02ms
             approx.  95 percentile:           31751.56ms
    
    Threads fairness:
        events (avg/stddev):           9.7656/0.81
        execution time (avg/stddev):   278.5131/6.05

    我们只需要关心测试的总时间(total time)即可。

    CPU性能测试有一个需要注意的地方,上面的测试只使用了一个线程,如果在两个cpu processor不同的电脑上做比较,这是不公平的。公平的做法是指定合理的线程数,如下所示:

    sysbench --test=cpu --num-threads=`grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l` --cpu-max-prime=200000 run

    补充知识:

    查看CPU核数的方法:

    1、查看物理cpu个数

     grep "physical id" /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l

    2、查看核心数量

     grep "core id" /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l

    3、查看线程数量

     grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l

    在sysbench的测试中,--num-threads取值为"线程数量"即可,再大的值没有什么意义,对测试结果也没有什么影响。 

    2.2 线程(thread)测试

    测试线程调度器的性能。对于高负载情况下测试线程调度器的行为非常有用。

    sysbench --test=threads --num-threads=64 run  

    下面是输出结果:

    Number of threads: 64
    
    Doing thread subsystem performance test
    Thread yields per test: 1000 Locks used: 8
    Threads started!
    Done.
    
    
    Test execution summary:
        total time:                          4.5845s
        total number of events:              10000
        total time taken by event execution: 291.9995
        per-request statistics:
             min:                                  0.76ms
             avg:                                 29.20ms
             max:                                152.71ms
             approx.  95 percentile:              71.11ms
    
    Threads fairness:
        events (avg/stddev):           156.2500/5.81
        execution time (avg/stddev):   4.5625/0.02

    说实话,我也不怎么会分析这个测试结果,网上搜了半天也没有搜到,几乎所有的资料都是简单的罗列出测试结果, 也不告诉我们应该怎么分析,实在是太不照顾新手了。 我自己是通过(total time:)判断线程调度的性能的,下面是我在服务器上运行这个测试的输出:

    Number of threads: 64
    
    Doing thread subsystem performance test
    Thread yields per test: 1000 Locks used: 8
    Threads started!
    Done.
    
    
    Test execution summary:
        total time:                          2.4829s
        total number of events:              10000
        total time taken by event execution: 157.3468
        per-request statistics:
             min:                                  0.21ms
             avg:                                 15.73ms
             max:                                166.69ms
             approx.  95 percentile:             119.14ms
    
    Threads fairness:
        events (avg/stddev):           156.2500/22.25
        execution time (avg/stddev):   2.4585/0.02

    可以看到total time 比在我自己电脑上少了一半,服务器的线程调度肯定比普通电脑快多了。

    2.3 互斥锁(mutex)

    测试互斥锁的性能,方式是模拟所有线程在同一时刻并发运行,并都短暂请求互斥锁。 

    sysbench --test=mutex --num-threads=16 --mutex-num=2048 --mutex-locks=1000000 --mutex-loops=5000 run

    输出结果如下:

    Number of threads: 16
    
    Doing mutex performance test
    Threads started!
    Done.
    
    
    Test execution summary:
        total time:                          3.6123s
        total number of events:              16
        total time taken by event execution: 57.6636
        per-request statistics:
             min:                               3580.79ms
             avg:                               3603.98ms
             max:                               3610.94ms
             approx.  95 percentile:         10000000.00ms
    
    Threads fairness:
        events (avg/stddev):           1.0000/0.00
        execution time (avg/stddev):   3.6040/0.01

    2.4 内存测试

    内存测试测试了内存的连续读写性能。

    sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=8K --memory-total-size=2G  --num-threads=16 run

    上面这条语句指定了整个测试过程中,传输2G的数据量,每个block的大小为8K(大写的K)。 测试结果如下所示,我们最关心的是吞吐量(8030.45MB/sec),和后面的磁盘io 测试结果比较可知,内存的连续读写比磁盘的连续读写快十几倍。

    Number of threads: 16
    
    Doing memory operations speed test
    Memory block size: 8K
    
    Memory transfer size: 2048M
    
    Memory operations type: write
    Memory scope type: global
    Threads started!
    Done.
    
    Operations performed: 262144 (1027897.89 ops/sec)
    
    2048.00 MB transferred (8030.45 MB/sec)
    
    
    Test execution summary:
        total time:                          0.2550s
        total number of events:              262144
        total time taken by event execution: 3.1911
        per-request statistics:
             min:                                  0.00ms
             avg:                                  0.01ms
             max:                                 29.55ms
             approx.  95 percentile:               0.00ms
    
    Threads fairness:
        events (avg/stddev):           16384.0000/926.14
        execution time (avg/stddev):   0.1994/0.02

    2.5 文件IO基准测试

    文件IO(fileio)基准测试可以测试系统在不同IO负载下的性能。这对于比较不同的硬盘驱动器,不同的RAID 卡,不同的RAID 模式,都很有帮助。可以根据测试结果调整IO子系统。文件IO基准测试模拟了很多InnoDB 的IO特性。

    测试的第一步是准备(Prepare)阶段,生成测试用到的数据文件,生成的数据文件至少要比内存大。 如果文件中的数据能完全放入内存中,则操作系统 缓存大部分的数据,导致测试结果无法体现IO密集型的工作负载。首先通过下面的命令创建一个数据集:

    sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=40G prepare

    这个命令会在当前工作目录下创建测试文件,后续的运行(run)阶段将通过读写这些文件进行测试。 第二步就是运行(run)阶段,针对不同的IO 类型有不同的测试选项:

    • seqwr 顺序写入
    • seqrewr 顺序重写
    • seqrd 顺序读取
    • rndrd 随机读取
    • rndwr 随机写入
    • rndrw 混合随机读/写

    下面的命令运行文件I/O混合随机读/写基准测试: 

    sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=40G --file-test-mode=rndrw --init-rng=on --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 run

    结果如下:

    Extra file open flags: 0
    128 files, 240Mb each
    30Gb total file size
    Block size 16Kb
    Number of random requests for random IO: 0
    Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
    Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
    Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
    Using synchronous I/O mode
    Doing random r/w test
    Threads started!
    Time limit exceeded, exiting...
    Done.
    
    Operations performed:  15900 Read, 10600 Write, 33842 Other = 60342 Total
    Read 248.44Mb  Written 165.62Mb  Total transferred 414.06Mb  (1.3802Mb/sec)
       88.33 Requests/sec executed
    
    Test execution summary:
        total time:                          300.0074s
        total number of events:              26500
        total time taken by event execution: 164.1563
        per-request statistics:
             min:                                  0.01ms
             avg:                                  6.19ms
             max:                                315.51ms
             approx.  95 percentile:              15.83ms
    
    Threads fairness:
        events (avg/stddev):           26500.0000/0.00
        execution time (avg/stddev):   164.1563/0.00

    输出结果中包含了大量的信息。和IO子系统密切相关的包括每秒请求数和总吞吐量。在上述例子中, 每秒请求数是88.33 Requests/sec , 吞吐量是1.3802Mb/sec 。另外,时间信息也非常有用, 尤其是大约95%的时间分布。这些数据对于评估磁盘性能十分有用。

    测试完成以后,运行清除(cleanup)操作删除第一步生成的测试文件。

    sysbench --test=fileio --fil-total-size=30G cleanup

    2.6 oltp

    下面来看最重要也是最复杂的测试————oltp。oltp 基准测试模拟了一个简单的事物处理系统的工作负载。 下面的例子使用的是一张超过百万行记录的表,第一步是先生成这张表:

    sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-db=test --mysql-user=root prepare

    生成数据只需要上面这条简单的命令即可。这条命令在test 数据库中新建了一个表(sbtest),并在表中插入了1000000条记录。

    对于非默认安装的mysql,需要指定连接到msyql服务器的socket(my.cnf中的socket值),如下所示:

    sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-user=root 
    --mysql-db=test --mysql-socket=/data/ntse/lmx/sysbench/var/mysqld.sock 
    prepare

    数据加载完成以后就可以开始测试了,这个例子采用了16个线程,测试时长为720秒:

    sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-table-size=1000000 --mysql-db=test 
                    --mysql-user=root --max-time=720 --max-requests=0 
                    --num-threads=16 --oltp-test-mode=complex run

    与插入记录时一样,如果mysql是非默认安装,还需要指定--mysql-socket的值。

    Number of threads: 16
    
    Doing OLTP test.
    Running mixed OLTP test
    Using Special distribution (12 iterations,  1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases)
    Using "BEGIN" for starting transactions
    Using auto_inc on the id column
    Threads started!
    Time limit exceeded, exiting...
    (last message repeated 15 times)
    Done.
    
    OLTP test statistics:
        queries performed:
            read:                            26225724
            write:                           9366330
            other:                           3746532
            total:                           39338586
        transactions:                        1873266 (2601.71 per sec.)
        deadlocks:                           0      (0.00 per sec.)
        read/write requests:                 35592054 (49432.47 per sec.)
        other operations:                    3746532 (5203.42 per sec.)
    
    Test execution summary:
        total time:                          720.0136s
        total number of events:              1873266
        total time taken by event execution: 11506.8251
        per-request statistics:
             min:                                  2.37ms
             avg:                                  6.14ms
             max:                                400.48ms
             approx.  95 percentile:              14.90ms
    
    Threads fairness:
        events (avg/stddev):           117079.1250/275.62
        execution time (avg/stddev):   719.1766/0.01

    如上所示,结果中包含了相当多的信息。其中最有价值的信息如下;

    • 总的事务数
    • 每秒事务数
    • 时间统计信息(最小,平均,最大响应时间,以及95%百分比响应时间)
    • 线程公平性统计信息

    最最重要的当然是每秒事务数(2601.71 per sec.)。

    oltp 测试注意事项:

    1、--max-requests --max-requests 默认值为10000 ,如果设置了--max-requests 或者使用默认值 ,分析结果的时候主要查看运行时间(total time),一般情况下,都将--max-requests 赋值为0 ,即不限制请求数量,通过--max-time 来指定测试时长,然后查看系统的每秒事务数。

    2、--oltp-test-mode

    --oltp-test-mode用以指定测试模式,取值有(simeple,complex,nontrx),默认是complex。不同模式会执行不同的语句。 具体执行语句如下所示:

    1)Simple 这种模式只是简单的执行selec语句。

    SELECT c FROM sbtest WHERE id=N

    2)complex(Advanced transactional) 在事务中,可能包含下列语句。

    Point queries:

    SELECT c FROM sbtest WHERE id=N

    Range queries:

    SELECT c FROM sbtest WHERE id BETWEEN N AND M

    Range SUM() queries:

    SELECT SUM(K) FROM sbtest WHERE id BETWEEN N and M

    Range ORDER BY queries:

    SELECT c FROM sbtest WHERE id between N and M ORDER BY c

    Range DISTINCT queries:

    SELECT DISTINCT c FROM sbtest WHERE id BETWEEN N and M ORDER BY c

    UPDATEs on index column:

    UPDATE sbtest SET k=k+1 WHERE id=N 

    UPDATEs on non-index column:

    UPDATE sbtest SET c=N WHERE id=M 

    DELETE queries:

    DELETE FROM sbtest WHERE id=N

    INSERT queries:

    INSERT INTO sbtest VALUES (...)

    3)nontrx(Non-transactional) 这种模式包含下列SQL语句。

    Point queries:

    SELECT pad FROM sbtest WHERE id=N

    UPDATEs on index column:

    UPDATE sbtest SET k=k+1 WHERE id=N

    UPDATEs on non-index column:

    UPDATE sbtest SET c=N WHERE id=M

    DELETE queries:

    DELETE FROM sbtest WHERE id=N

    INSERT queries:

    NSERT INTO sbtest (k, c, pad) VALUES(N, M, S)

    3、simple 与 --oltp-read-only 的区别

    simple模式和在complex模式下开启read-only选项都只包含select语句。但是 simple 模式只包含最简单的select语句,相反地,complex 模式中,如果我们开启read-only 选项,即--oltp-read-only=on,则会包含复杂的SQL语句。如:

    SELECT SUM(K) FROM sbtest WHERE id BETWEEN N and M
    SELECT DISTINCT c FROM sbtest WHERE id BETWEEN N and M ORDER BY c

    4、测试自有的存储引擎

    测试自有的存储引擎需要告诉sysbench,这个存储引擎是否支持事务。

    如下所示:

    1)准备:

    sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=tnt --mysql-engine-trx=yes 
                      --oltp-table-size=100000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-db=test 
                      --mysql-socket=/data/ntse/lmx/sysbench/var/mysqld.sock 
                      prepare

    2)测试:

    sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=tnt --mysql-engine-trx=yes 
                      --oltp-table-size=100000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-db=test 
                      --mysql-socket=/data/ntse/lmx/sysbench/var/mysqld.sock 
                      --oltp-test-mode=complex --num-threads=16 --max-time=720 
                      --max-requests=0 run

    3)清除:

    sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=tnt --mysql-engine-trx=yes 
                      --oltp-table-size=100000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-db=test 
                      --mysql-socket=/data/ntse/lmx/sysbench/var/mysqld.sock 
                      clean

    3. sysbench 0.5

    1)下载:

    bzr branch lp:sysbench

    2)安装依赖库:

    sudo apt-get install libtool

    3)安装:

    tar -zxvf sysbench.tar.gz
     cd sysbench
     ./autogen.sh
     ./configure
     make
     #make install #可选

    4)开始测试:

    cd sysbench/sysbench
     ./sysbench --test=./tests/db/oltp.lua
     --debug=yes 
     --mysql-host=localhost 
     --mysql-socket=PATH/mysqld.sock 
     --mysql-db=test 
     --mysql-table-engine=innodb 
     --mysql-engine-trx=yes 
     --mysql-user=root 
     --max-requests=0 
     --max-time=60 
     --num-threads=16 
     --oltp-table-size=100000 
     --report-interval=10 [prepare|run|cleanup]

    5)解释:

    --debug 参数用以打印更加详细的调试信息
    --report-interval 用以打印中间结果
    除了测试oltp,sysbench 0.5还可以进行插入操作的性能测试(insert.lua),选择操作的性能测试(select.lua)等。

    6)sysbench原生命令输出:

    Missing required command argument.
    Usage:
      sysbench [general-options]... --test=<test-name> [test-options]... command
    
    General options:
      --num-threads=N             number of threads to use [1]
      --max-requests=N            limit for total number of requests [10000]
      --max-time=N                limit for total execution time in seconds [0]
      --forced-shutdown=STRING    amount of time to wait after --max-time before forcing shutdown [off]
      --thread-stack-size=SIZE    size of stack per thread [64K]
      --tx-rate=N                 target transaction rate (tps) [0]
      --report-interval=N         periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]
      --report-checkpoints=[LIST,...]dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []
      --test=STRING               test to run
      --debug=[on|off]            print more debugging info [off]
      --validate=[on|off]         perform validation checks where possible [off]
      --help=[on|off]             print help and exit
      --version=[on|off]          print version and exit [off]
      --rand-init=[on|off]        initialize random number generator [off]
      --rand-type=STRING          random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
      --rand-spec-iter=N          number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
      --rand-spec-pct=N           percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1]
      --rand-spec-res=N           percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75]
      --rand-seed=N               seed for random number generator, ignored when 0 [0]
      --rand-pareto-h=N           parameter h for pareto distibution [0.2]
    
    Log options:
      --verbosity=N      verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
    
      --percentile=N      percentile rank of query response times to count [95]
    
    Compiled-in tests:
      fileio - File I/O test
      cpu - CPU performance test
      memory - Memory functions speed test
      threads - Threads subsystem performance test
      mutex - Mutex performance test
    
    Commands: prepare run cleanup help version
    
    See 'sysbench --test=<name> help' for a list of options for each test.

    4、输出结果详解:

    1)CPU

     

     

    2)内存Memory

    3)磁盘io

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenshengkai/p/12752532.html
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