一、Implement Stack using Queues
Implement the following operations of a stack using queues.
- push(x) -- Push element x onto stack.
- pop() -- Removes the element on top of the stack.
- top() -- Get the top element.
- empty() -- Return whether the stack is empty.
Notes:
- You must use only standard operations of a queue -- which means only
push to back
,peek/pop from front
,size
, andis empty
operations are valid. - Depending on your language, queue may not be supported natively. You may simulate a queue by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a queue.
- You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or top operations will be called on an empty stack).
分析:用(两个)队列实现栈
设置两个队列分别为1和2
(1)入栈:如果队列2当前有元素,而队列1为空(反之亦然),那么将需要入栈的元素放入队列1中,然后将队列2中的元素依次出队并入队到队列1中。(即要保证有一个队列是空的)
(2)出栈:将有元素(不为空)的队列出队即可-------如:
先将元素a插入队列1中 ,现在要将元素b入栈,则将b插入到队列2中然后将队列1中的a出队到队列2中,则队列2中的元素变为 b,a
这样队列1为空,现在要压入c, 则将c插入队列1中 ,依次将队列2中的b ,a出队并加入到队列1中 ,则队列1中的元素变为 c,b,a,而队列2为空
(保证一队列为空)
代码如下:
【两个队列】
class Stack { public: // Push element x onto stack. queue<int> queue1; queue<int> queue2; void push(int x) { if (queue1.empty()) { queue1.push(x); while(!queue2.empty()){ int tmp = queue2.front(); queue2.pop(); queue1.push(tmp); } }else{ queue2.push(x); while(!queue1.empty()){ int tmp = queue1.front(); queue1.pop(); queue2.push(tmp); } } } // Removes the element on top of the stack. void pop() { if (!queue1.empty()) queue1.pop(); if (!queue2.empty()) queue2.pop(); } // Get the top element. int top() { if (!queue1.empty()) return queue1.front(); if (!queue2.empty()) return queue2.front(); } // Return whether the stack is empty. bool empty() { return queue1.empty() && queue2.empty(); } };
其他解法:
【两个队列】用两个队列myStack,temp实现一个栈。push时把新元素添加到myStack的队尾。pop时把myStack中除最后一个元素外逐个添加到myStack中,然后pop掉myStack中的最后一个元素,然后注意记得myStack和temp,以保证我们添加元素时始终向temp中添加。
class Stack { public: // Push element x onto stack. void push(int x) { myStack.push(x); } // Removes the element on top of the stack. void pop() { std::queue<int> temp; int len = myStack.size(); for(int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) { temp.push(myStack.front()); myStack.pop(); } myStack = temp; } // Get the top element. int top() { if(myStack.size() != 0) return myStack.back(); } // Return whether the stack is empty. bool empty() { if(myStack.size() == 0) return true; else return false; } private: std::queue<int> myStack; };
或:
【两个队列】
class Stack { queue<int> rev_q; public: // Push element x onto stack. void push(int x) { queue<int> temp_q; temp_q.push(x); while (!rev_q.empty()) { temp_q.push(rev_q.front()); rev_q.pop(); } rev_q = temp_q; } // Removes the element on top of the stack. void pop() { rev_q.pop(); } // Get the top element. int top() { return rev_q.front(); } // Return whether the stack is empty. bool empty() { return rev_q.empty(); } };
【一个队列】---push时直接添加到队尾就好。pop和top时,把队列除最后一个元素外,逐个循环添加到队列的尾部。
class Stack { public: // Push element x onto stack. void push(int x) { unsigned int size = s.size(); this->s.push(x); while (size--){ s.push(s.front()); s.pop(); } } // Removes the element on top of the stack. void pop() { s.pop(); } // Get the top element. int top() { return s.front(); } // Return whether the stack is empty. bool empty() { return s.empty(); } private: queue<int> s; };
附注:队列queue的成员函数
-
empty()判断队列空,当队列空时,返回true。
-
size()访问队列中的元素个数。
-
push()会将一个元素置入queue中。
-
front()会返回queue内的第一个元素(也就是第一个被置入的元素)。
-
back()会返回queue中最后一个元素(也就是最后被插入的元素)。
-
注意:pop()虽然会移除下一个元素,但是并不返回它,front()和back()返回下一个元素但并不移除该元素。
二、Implement Queue using Stacks
Implement the following operations of a queue using stacks.
- push(x) -- Push element x to the back of queue.
- pop() -- Removes the element from in front of queue.
- peek() -- Get the front element.
- empty() -- Return whether the queue is empty.
Notes:
- You must use only standard operations of a stack -- which means only
push to top
,peek/pop from top
,size
, andis empty
operations are valid. - Depending on your language, stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a stack.
- You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or peek operations will be called on an empty queue).
分析:
class Queue { public: stack<int> stack1; stack<int> stack2; // Push element x to the back of queue. void push(int x) { stack1.push(x); } // Removes the element from in front of queue. void pop(void) { if(!stack2.empty()) stack2.pop(); else{ while(!stack1.empty()){ stack2.push(stack1.top()); stack1.pop(); } stack2.pop(); } } // Get the front element. int peek(void) { if(!stack2.empty()) return stack2.top(); else{ while(!stack1.empty()){ stack2.push(stack1.top()); stack1.pop(); } return stack2.top(); } } // Return whether the queue is empty. bool empty(void) { return stack1.empty() && stack2.empty(); } };
注:stack2.push(stack1.top())中若写成 stack2.push(stack1.pop())则会出错:invalid use of void expression
或:
class Queue { public: stack<int> s1; stack<int> s2; // Push element x to the back of queue. void push(int x) { s1.push(x); } // Removes the element from in front of queue. void pop(void) { if(s1.empty()) return; while(!s1.empty()) { s2.push(s1.top()); s1.pop(); } s2.pop(); while(!s2.empty()) { s1.push(s2.top()); s2.pop(); } } // Get the front element. int peek(void) { if(s1.empty()) return -1; while(!s1.empty()) { s2.push(s1.top()); s1.pop(); } int t = s2.top(); while(!s2.empty()) { s1.push(s2.top()); s2.pop(); } return t; } // Return whether the queue is empty. bool empty(void) { return s1.empty(); } };
可参考其他解法:
我们做过一道相反的题目Implement Stack using Queues 用队列来实现栈。这道题颠倒了个顺序,起始并没有太大的区别,栈和队列的核心不同点就是栈是先进后出,而队列是先进先出,那么怎么用栈的先进后出的特性来表示出队列的先进先出呢?方法是:只要在插入元素的时候每次都从前面插入即可,即如果一个队列是1,2,3,4,那么就在栈中保存为4,3,2,1,那么返回栈顶元素1,即为队列的首元素。我们可以设置一个辅助栈tmp,把s的元素也逆着顺序存入tmp中,此时若加入新元素x,再把tmp中的元素倒回来。
代码如下:
class Queue { public: // Push element x to the back of queue. void push(int x) { stack<int> tmp; while (!s.empty()) { tmp.push(s.top()); s.pop(); } s.push(x); while (!tmp.empty()) { s.push(tmp.top()); tmp.pop(); } } // Removes the element from in front of queue. void pop(void) { s.pop(); } // Get the front element. int peek(void) { return s.top(); } // Return whether the queue is empty. bool empty(void) { return s.empty(); } private: stack<int> s; };