随笔：Linux里mysql的tar包安装

注明：

这里提供的是.tar.gz的压缩包

https://download.csdn.net/download/caodingzheng/12530452

安装的位置根据需要自己决定，但是配置my.cnf和mysql-server的时候要正确

这里不涉及权限问题

操作步骤：

1、解压mysql的tar包：

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

并重命名为自己想要的名字，我这里命名为mysql

mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

2、创建my.cnf配置文件

my.cnf的位置也是自己决定，建议在/etc/mysql下面创建

详细的my.cnf介绍这里就不说了，我觉得这篇讲的挺详细的，这里附上链接：

https://www.cnblogs.com/wyy123/p/6092976.html

根据自己的需求进行配置，其中basedir = ，datadir = ，socket =这三个是肯定要手动配置的，这是我配置的my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
port = 3308
user = root
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
basedir = /home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql
datadir = /home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql/data
socket = /home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql/mysql.sock
max_connections = 100
#跳过密码输入
skip-grant-tables

[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql/data/mysqld.log
pid-file = /home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

[client]
port = 3308
socket = /home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql/mysql.sock

 3、在解压的安装包里（这里简称mysql）的目录下面有这几个目录：

bin  data（数据库文件夹，这是自己创建的，解压里面不包括）  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  README  share  support-files

其中support-files里有我们需要的mysql.server（启动、关闭mysql等），以下是文件内容：

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind

# MySQL daemon start/stop script.

# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.

# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.

# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO

# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
#   [mysqld]
#   basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
#   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
#   below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=
datadir=

# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf.
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900

# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

首先cp启动文件放到/etc/init.d目录下，可以改名为mysqld（是不是很眼熟？），也可以改名为其他，个人喜好，然后对其进行配置。下面是我对文件的配置，主要是配置了basedir=和datadir=以及mysqld_pid_file_path=：

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind

# MySQL daemon start/stop script.

# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.

# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.

# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO

# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
#   [mysqld]
#   basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
#   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
#   below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=/home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql
datadir=/home/qc/cdz/luckyframe3.2/mysql/data

# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf.
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900

# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

4、创建mysql用户组合mysql用户

这一步看自己需求是否需要

#创建用户组
groupadd mysql

#创建用户
useradd -g mysql mysql

5、启动mysql

service mysqld start
#或者
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

6、进入mysql安装目录的bin目录下用mysql -u root -p进入mysql界面

如果是命令的原因可以用./mysql -u root -p

如果是因为密码的原因可以在my.cnf配置文件里加入skip-grant-tables，然后直接回车就可以

在mysql界面根据需求更改用户密码，如：

#进入mysql数据库
mysql>use mysql;
#修改root的密码
mysql>update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
#不重启mysql下直接生效
mysql>flush privileges;
#退出
mysql>quit;

也可以通过bin目录里mysqladmin进行密码修改（如果存在密码需要输入密码再进行修改，如果没有就直接生效）

./mysqladmin -u root -p password 123456

到这里基本mysql安装完毕