1、location的作用：
location指令的作用是根据用户的请求的URL来执行不同的应用
2、location的语法：
location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { ....... }
- location：指令
-
[ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] ：匹配的标识(在这里面 ‘~’ 用于区分大小写，‘~*’ 不区分大小写，'^~' 是在做完常规检查后不检查正则匹配)
- uri：匹配的网站地址
- {......}：匹配URI后要执行的配置段
3、官方示例：
locarion = / {
[ configuration A ]
} # 用户访问 / 的时候，匹配configuration A
locarion / {
[ configuration B ]
} # 用户访问 /index.html 的时候，匹配configuration B
locarion /documents/ {
[ configuration C ]
} # 用户访问 /documents/documents.html 的时候，匹配configuration C
locarion ^~ /images/ {
[ configuration D ]
} # 用户访问 /images/1.gif 的时候，匹配configuration D
locarion ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
[ configuration E ]
} # 用户访问 /documents/1.gif 的时候，匹配configuration E
4、实战：
以www.brian.com虚拟主机为例，修改brian.conf配置文件：
[root@Nginx www_date]# cat brian.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.brian.com brian.com;
root html/brian;
location / {
return 401;
}
location = / {
return 402;
}
location /documents/ {
return 403;
}
location ^~ /images/ {
return 404; # 匹配任何以/images/开头的查询
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
return 405; # 匹配任何以 gif、jpg、jpeg结尾的请求
}
access_log logs/brian.log main gzip buffer=128k flush=5s;
}
检查语法：
[root@Nginx conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
平滑重启：
[root@Nginx conf]# ../sbin/nginx -s reload
Linux客户端测试：
[root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/ # 对应location = / <html> <head><title>402 Payment Required</title></head> # 返回402 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>402 Payment Required</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/index.html # 对应location / <html> <head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head> # 返回401 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/documents/ #对应location /documents/ <html> <head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head> # 返回403 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/images/1.gif # 对应location ^~ /images/ <html> <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head> # 返回404 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html> [root@Nginx conf]# curl www.brian.com/documents/1.gif # 对应location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ <html> <head><title>405 Not Allowed</title></head> # 返回405 <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>405 Not Allowed</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.6.3</center> </body> </html>