注意printk那里,KERN_ALERT和打印消息之间是没有逗号的,搞得劳资查了半天才发现一直没有提示信息的原因
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");//MODULE_LICENSE()指明认证方式,现在支持的有:“GPL” “GPL v2" "GPL and additional rights" "Dual BSD/GPL" "Dual MIT/GPL" "Dual MPL/GPL" "Proprietary",这是内核2.6里新添加的,实验发现它不是必需的。
static int hello_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Hello, World
");//printk是内核级别的打印函数,KERN_ALERT是指该条信息是警告信息
return 0;
}
static int hello_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye, cruel world
");
}
module_init(hello_init);//模块入口
module_exit(hello_exit);//模块出口
下面我们来写Makefile(命名为makefile我的会提示错误),-C 去内核源码目录下读取Makefile,m=返回当前路径执行当前目录下的Makefile
。我觉得Makefile这个文件挺6的,该文件会根据xx.o查找相应的xx.c文件
TARGET=hello
KDIR=/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 //找到内核文件所在路径,系统不同路径也不同,可以使用find / -name kernel查找
PWD=$(shell pwd) //这个是指执行shell命令pwd,即用PWD记录当前路径
obj-m=$(TARGET).o
default:
make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
那么如何运行呢,首先make
[04:21:42] make
make -C /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 M=/root/kernel modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64'
CC [M] /root/kernel/hello.o
/root/kernel/hello.c: In function ‘hello_exit’:
/root/kernel/hello.c:14:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type]
}
^
In file included from /root/kernel/hello.c:1:0:
/root/kernel/hello.c: In function ‘__exittest’:
include/linux/init.h:305:4: warning: return from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
{ return exitfn; }
^
/root/kernel/hello.c:17:1: note: in expansion of macro ‘module_exit’
module_exit(hello_exit);
^
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /root/kernel/hello.mod.o
LD [M] /root/kernel/hello.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64'
[04:21:45] ls
hello.c hello.ko hello.mod.c hello.mod.o hello.o Makefile modules.order Module.symvers
现在进行加载模块,首先在当前终端
[04:21:47] tail -f /var/log/messages
May 22 04:01:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 727 of user root.
May 22 04:01:01 bogon systemd: Starting Session 727 of user root.
May 22 04:10:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 728 of user root.
May 22 04:10:01 bogon systemd: Starting Session 728 of user root.
May 22 04:18:35 bogon kernel: Hello, World//在另一个终端执行insmod ./hello.ko才会出现这个
May 22 04:18:49 bogon kernel: Goodbye, cruel world//在另一个终端执行rmmod hello才会出现这个
May 22 04:20:01 bogon systemd: Started Session 729 of user root.
May 22 04:20:01 bogon systemd: Starting Session 729 of user root.
May 22 04:20:01 bogon kernel: Hello, World
May 22 04:20:11 bogon kernel: Goodbye, cruel world
May 22 04:22:06 bogon kernel: Hello, World
我在另一个终端的执行过程就是进入该目录,然后执行insmod ./hello.ko 然后第一个终端就会显示Hello,world。在执行rmmod hello 就会显示Goodbye, cruel world
但是!根据系统版本的不同还是什么其他原因,有时候信息在/var/log/messages 里看到,使用dmesg可以看到
[root@bogon kernel]# dmesg|tail -5
[ 123.690748] test: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[ 876.865300] Hello, World
[ 908.638904] Goodbye, cruel world
[ 1235.101965] e1000: ens33 NIC Link is Down
[ 1241.118672] e1000: ens33 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[root@bogon kernel]#
或者是在加载或者移除模块这里看到
也可以像下面这么写,注意,uname -r那里是使用的反引号就是tab键上面的那个键,$(PWD)当前工作目录,clean清除,打印信息是显示在另一个终端的,例如我就是在物理机上使用ssh链接虚拟机centos7,然后执行下面的命令,而在虚拟机的终端上则会显示打印的那几条信息
[root@bogon modules]# cat first.c
#include<linux/kernel.h>
#include<linux/module.h>
int init_module(void){
printk(KERN_ALERT "hi,this is bp
");
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module(void){
printk(KERN_ALERT "goobye bp
");
}
[root@bogon modules]# cat Makefile
obj-m=first.o
default:
make -C /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r` M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
make -C /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r` M=$(PWD) clean
[root@bogon modules]# make
make -C /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r` M=/root/modules modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64'
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64'
[root@bogon modules]# modinfo first.ko//查看模块信息
filename: /root/modules/first.ko
rhelversion: 7.3
srcversion: 2523BB278E7311D9141E7F4
depends:
vermagic: 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions
[root@bogon modules]# insmod first.ko
[root@bogon modules]# rmmod first
[root@bogon modules]# ls
a.c a.mod.o first.ko first.o hello.mod.c Makefile
a.ko a.o first.mod.c hello.c hello.mod.o modules.order
a.mod.c first.c first.mod.o hello.ko hello.o Module.symvers
[root@bogon modules]# make clean
make -C /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r` M=/root/modules clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64'
CLEAN /root/modules/.tmp_versions
CLEAN /root/modules/Module.symvers
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64'
[root@bogon modules]# ls
a.c first.c hello.c Makefile
[root@bogon modules]#