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1 #include "stdio.h" 2 int bin[1002]; 3 4 int findx(int x) 5 { 6 int r,j,i; 7 r = x; 8 while (bin[r] != r) 9 r = bin[r]; 10 i = x; 11 while (i != r) 12 { 13 j = bin[i]; 14 bin[i] = r; 15 i = j; 16 } 17 return r; 18 } 19 20 void merge(int x,int y) 21 { 22 int fx,fy; 23 fx = findx(x); 24 fy = findx(y); 25 if(fx != fy) 26 bin[fx] = fy; 27 } 28 29 int main() 30 { 31 int n,m,i,x,y,count; 32 while(scanf("%d",&n),n) 33 { 34 for(i=1; i<=n; i++) 35 bin[i] = i; 36 for(scanf("%d",&m); m>0; m--) 37 { 38 scanf("%d %d",&x,&y); 39 merge(x,y); 40 } 41 for(count=-1, i=1; i<=n; i++) 42 if(bin[i] == i) 43 count ++; 44 printf("%d\n",count); 45 } 46 }