java中动态代理主要有JDK和CGLIB两种方式。
区别主要是jdk是代理接口,而cglib是代理类。
jdk的动态代理调用了Proxy.newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,Class<?>[] interfaces,InvocationHandler h) 方法。
通过该方法生成字节码,动态的创建了一个代理类,interfaces参数是该动态类所继承的所有接口,而继承InvocationHandler 接口的类则是实现在调用代理接口方法前后的具体逻辑,下边是具体的实现:
public class Test { static interface Subject{ void sayHi(); void sayHello(); } static class SubjectImpl implements Subject{ @Override public void sayHi() { System.out.println("hi"); } @Override public void sayHello() { System.out.println("hello"); } } static class ProxyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler{ private Subject target; public ProxyInvocationHandler(Subject target) { this.target=target; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { System.out.print("say:"); return method.invoke(target, args); } } public static void main(String[] args) { Subject subject=new SubjectImpl(); Subject subjectProxy=(Subject) Proxy.newProxyInstance(subject.getClass().getClassLoader(), subject.getClass().getInterfaces(), new ProxyInvocationHandler(subject)); subjectProxy.sayHi(); subjectProxy.sayHello(); } }
/** * * JDK动态代理类 * * */ public class JDKProxy implements InvocationHandler { private Object targetObject;//需要代理的目标对象 public Object newProxy(Object targetObject) {//将目标对象传入进行代理 this.targetObject = targetObject; return Proxy.newProxyInstance(targetObject.getClass().getClassLoader(), targetObject.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);//返回代理对象 } public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)//invoke方法 throws Throwable { before(); Object ret = null; // 设置方法的返回值 ret = method.invoke(targetObject, args); //invoke调用需要代理的方法 after(); return ret; } private void before() {//方法执行前 System.out.println("方法执行前 !"); } private void after() {//方法执行后 System.out.println("方法执行后"); } }
newProxyInstance方法执行了以下几种操作。
1.生成一个实现了参数interfaces里所有接口且继承了Proxy的代理类的字节码,然后用参数里的classLoader加载这个代理类。
2.使用代理类父类的构造函数 Proxy(InvocationHandler h)来创造一个代理类的实例,将我们自定义的InvocationHandler的子类传入。
3.返回这个代理类实例。
在main方法中加入System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles","true"),这样就会把生成的代理类Class文件保存在本地磁盘上,然后再反编译可以得到代理类的源码:
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements Test.Subject { private static Method m4; private static Method m1; private static Method m3; private static Method m0; private static Method m2; static { try { m4 = Class.forName("Test$Subject").getMethod("sayHello", new Class[0]); m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") }); m3 = Class.forName("Test$Subject").getMethod("sayHi", new Class[0]); m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]); m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler) { super(paramInvocationHandler); } public final void sayHello() { try { this.h.invoke(this, m4, null); return; } catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException) { throw localRuntimeException; } catch (Throwable localThrowable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable); } } public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) { try { return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue(); } catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException) { throw localRuntimeException; } catch (Throwable localThrowable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable); } } public final void sayHi() { try { this.h.invoke(this, m3, null); return; } catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException) { throw localRuntimeException; } catch (Throwable localThrowable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable); } } public final int hashCode() { try { return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue(); } catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException) { throw localRuntimeException; } catch (Throwable localThrowable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable); } } public final String toString() { try { return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null); } catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException) { throw localRuntimeException; } catch (Throwable localThrowable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable); } } }
我们可以看到代理类内部实现比较简单,在调用每个代理类每个方法的时候,都用反射去调newProxyInstanceh方法中传来的h的invoke方法(也就是我们自定义的InvocationHandler的子类中重写的invoke方法),用参数传递了代理类实例、接口方法、调用参数列表,这样我们在重写的invoke方法中就可以实现对所有方法的统一包装了。