LINQ to SQL语句(7)之Exists/In/Any/All/Contains

适用场景：用于判断集合中元素，进一步缩小范围。

Any

说明：用于判断集合中是否有元素满足某一条件；不延迟。（若条件为空，则集合只要不为空就返回True，否则为False）。有2种形式，分别为简单形式和带条件形式。

1.简单形式：

仅返回没有订单的客户：

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where !c.Orders.Any()
    select c;

生成SQL语句为：

SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName],
[t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region],
[t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE NOT (EXISTS(
    SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY] FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t1]
    WHERE [t1].[CustomerID] = [t0].[CustomerID]
   ))

2.带条件形式：

仅返回至少有一种产品断货的类别：

var q =
    from c in db.Categories
    where c.Products.Any(p => p.Discontinued)
    select c;

SELECT [t0].[CategoryID], [t0].[CategoryName], [t0].[Description],
[t0].[Picture] FROM [dbo].[Categories] AS [t0]
WHERE EXISTS(
    SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY] FROM [dbo].[Products] AS [t1]
    WHERE ([t1].[Discontinued] = 1) AND 
    ([t1].[CategoryID] = [t0].[CategoryID])
    )

All

说明：用于判断集合中所有元素是否都满足某一条件；不延迟

1.带条件形式

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where c.Orders.All(o => o.ShipCity == c.City)
    select c;

语句描述：这个例子返回所有订单都运往其所在城市的客户或未下订单的客户。

Contains

说明：用于判断集合中是否包含有某一元素；不延迟。它是对两个序列进行连接操作的。

string[] customerID_Set =
    new string[] { "AROUT", "BOLID", "FISSA" };
var q = (
    from o in db.Orders
    where customerID_Set.Contains(o.CustomerID)
    select o).ToList();

语句描述：查找"AROUT", "BOLID" 和 "FISSA" 这三个客户的订单。先定义了一个数组，在LINQ to SQL中使用Contains，数组中包含了所有的CustomerID，即返回结果中，所有的CustomerID都在这个集合内。也就是in。 你也可以把数组的定义放在LINQ to SQL语句里。比如：

var q = (
    from o in db.Orders
    where (
    new string[] { "AROUT", "BOLID", "FISSA" })
    .Contains(o.CustomerID)
    select o).ToList();

Not Contains则取反：

var q = (
    from o in db.Orders
    where !(
    new string[] { "AROUT", "BOLID", "FISSA" })
    .Contains(o.CustomerID)
    select o).ToList();

1.包含一个对象：

var order = (from o in db.Orders
             where o.OrderID == 10248
             select o).First();
var q = db.Customers.Where(p => p.Orders.Contains(order)).ToList();
foreach (var cust in q)
{
    foreach (var ord in cust.Orders)
    {
        //do something
    }
}

语句描述：这个例子使用Contain查找哪个客户包含OrderID为10248的订单。

2.包含多个值：

string[] cities = 
    new string[] { "Seattle", "London", "Vancouver", "Paris" };
var q = db.Customers.Where(p=>cities.Contains(p.City)).ToList();

语句描述：这个例子使用Contains查找其所在城市为西雅图、伦敦、巴黎或温哥华的客户。