UPC Decayed Bridges（并查集+思维）

知足且坚定 温柔且上进

Decayed Bridges

题目描述
There are N islands and M bridges.
The i-th bridge connects the Ai-th and Bi-th islands bidirectionally.
Initially, we can travel between any two islands using some of these bridges.
However, the results of a survey show that these bridges will all collapse because of aging, in the order from the first bridge to the M-th bridge.
Let the inconvenience be the number of pairs of islands (a,b) (a<b) such that we are no longer able to travel between the a-th and b-th islands using some of the bridges remaining.
For each i (1≤i≤M), find the inconvenience just after the i-th bridge collapses.

Constraints
All values in input are integers.
·2≤N≤105
·1≤M≤105
·1≤Ai<Bi≤N
·All pairs (Ai,Bi) are distinct.
·The inconvenience is initially 0.

输入
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N M
A1 B1
A2 B2
⋮
AM BM

输出
In the order i=1,2,…,M, print the inconvenience just after the i-th bridge collapses. Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer type.
样例输入 Copy
4 5
1 2
3 4
1 3
2 3
1 4
样例输出 Copy
0
0
4
5
6
提示
For example, when the first to third bridges have collapsed, the inconvenience is 4 since we can no longer travel between the pairs (1,2),(1,3),(2,4) and (3,4).

题意： 起初给你一张无向图，然后按照给定的顺序删边，问每删一次边会造成多少损失（损失即不联通的两个点）
思路： 正着写是不好写的，我们不妨反过来考虑。假设一开始所有点都是孤立的，我把删边看成是添边，倒着加边，然后用并查集维护一下联通块的个数，就很轻松推出来了。
最开始所有点都是孤立的，损失的总数为n*(n-1)/2。因为首先从n个点里选1个点，有n种选法，再从剩下的n-1个点里选1个点，有n-1种选法，根据乘法原理，是n*(n-1).那么又因为（a,b）和（b,a）是一样的，所以要/2以去重。
我们每加一条边，都更新一下损失和各联通块内点的数量，每次损失增加的量即是cnt[x]*cnt[y]原理跟上面类似的~
不会并查集维护联通块的先看这个题~837. 连通块中点的数量 - AcWing题库
837代码：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5 + 10;
//cnt[]表示祖宗节点所在集合中点的个数
int root[N],cnt[N];
int ffind(int x){
    return root[x] == x ? x : root[x] = ffind(root[x]);
}
void uunion(int a,int b){
    int x = ffind(a),y = ffind(b);
    if(x != y){
       cnt[y] += cnt[x];
        root[x] = y;  
    }
   
}
int main(){
    int n,m;
    cin>>n>>m;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) root[i] = i, cnt[i] = 1;
    while(m--){
        char oper[2];
        int x,y;
        scanf("%s",oper);
        if(oper[0] == 'C'){
            cin>>x>>y;
            uunion(x,y);
        }
        else if(oper[1] == '1'){
            cin>>x>>y;
            if(ffind(x) == ffind(y)) cout<<"Yes"<<endl;
            else cout<<"No"<<endl;
        }
        else{
            cin>>x;
            cout<<cnt[ffind(x)]<<endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

本题代码：

#pragma GCC optimize(2)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
#define I_int ll
inline ll read()
{
    ll x=0,f=1;char ch=getchar();
    while(ch<'0'||ch>'9'){if(ch=='-')f=-1;ch=getchar();}
    while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
    return x*f;
}
char F[200];
inline void out(I_int x) {
    if (x == 0) return (void) (putchar('0'));
    I_int tmp = x > 0 ? x : -x;
    if (x < 0) putchar('-');
    int cnt = 0;
    while (tmp > 0) {
        F[cnt++] = tmp % 10 + '0';
        tmp /= 10;
    }
    while (cnt > 0) putchar(F[--cnt]);
    //cout<<" ";
}
const int maxn=1e6+7;
ll n,m;
ll a[maxn],b[maxn];
ll root[maxn],cnt[maxn],tot[maxn];
ll res,ans=0;
ll Find(ll x){
    if(x==root[x]) return root[x];
    else return root[x]=Find(root[x]);
}
void Union(ll a,ll b){
    ll x=Find(a),y=Find(b);
    if(x!=y){
        ans+=cnt[x]*cnt[y];
        cnt[x]+=cnt[y];
        root[y]=x;
    }
}
void init(){
    for(ll i=1;i<=n;i++) root[i]=i,cnt[i]=1;///并查集
}
void AC(){
   n=read();m=read();
   for(ll i=1;i<=m;i++){
        a[i]=read();
        b[i]=read();
   }
   init();
   res=n*(n-1)/2;
   for(ll i=m;i;i--){
        tot[i]=res-ans;
        Union(a[i],b[i]);
        //cout<<i<<" "<<ans<<endl;
   }
   for(ll i=1;i<=m;i++) printf("%lld
",tot[i]);
}
int main(){
    AC();
    return 0;
}

这个题的逆向思维还是很好的~