【背景】
今天我把算把自己的python基础平台从python-3.6.2升级到python-3.7.2，在我安装完python-3.7.2之后，打算在此基础之上安装
mysqlclient的时候报错了；
pip3 install mysqlclient Collecting mysqlclient Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/de/d7/919042fb7ed78a89e21c4e43d5daed90d5df18ec183bae3de493a7d9e3ed/mysqlclient-1.4.1.tar.gz (85kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 33kB/s Installing collected packages: mysqlclient Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-install-27wftw10/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(' ', ' ');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/tmp/pip-record-678j2sqk/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile: running install running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7 creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7 creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -Dversion_info=(1,4,1,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.1 -I/usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12/include/mysql -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch x86_64 -g build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12/lib -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so ld: library not found for -lssl clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation) error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-install-27wftw10/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(' ', ' ');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/tmp/pip-record-678j2sqk/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-install-27wftw10/mysqlclient/ You are using pip version 18.1, however version 19.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
【问题分析】
从上面的内容可以看出安装过程中加载不了目标库文件 lssl ，而这个是openssl的软件包中的内容、我把上面日志中关键的几行摘下来
ld: library not found for -lssl clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation) error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
这下就冤有头债有主了、我只要告诉gcc库文件和连接文件都在哪里就行了、由于我是用homebrew进行包管理的、info一下就会有答案了
brew config openssl Usage: brew config Show Homebrew and system configuration useful for debugging. If you file a bug report, you will likely be asked for this information if you do not provide it. -v, --verbose Make some output more verbose. -d, --debug Display any debugging information. -h, --help Show this message. Error: Invalid usage JianglexingdeMacBook-Pro:~ jianglexing$ brew info openssl openssl: stable 1.0.2p [keg-only] SSL/TLS cryptography library https://openssl.org/ /usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2n (1,784 files, 12.3MB) Built from source on 2018-01-07 at 11:30:02 /usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2o_2 (1,784 files, 12.3MB) Built from source on 2018-08-13 at 13:12:02 /usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2p (1,785 files, 12.3MB) Built from source on 2018-08-23 at 14:05:54 From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/openssl.rb ==> Dependencies Build: makedepend ✔ ==> Options --without-test Skip build-time tests (not recommended) ==> Caveats A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in the System keychain), place .pem files in /usr/local/homebrew/etc/openssl/certs and run /usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local/homebrew, because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries. If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run: echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile For compilers to find openssl you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/include" For pkg-config to find openssl you may need to set: export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig"
我还是把上面日志中关键的信息摘一下吧；现在问题的解决方案就非常的清楚了，把下面的那两个export运行一下
For compilers to find openssl you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/include"
【解决问题】
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib"export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/include"
pip3 install mysqlclient Collecting mysqlclient Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/de/d7/919042fb7ed78a89e21c4e43d5daed90d5df18ec183bae3de493a7d9e3ed/mysqlclient-1.4.1.tar.gz Installing collected packages: mysqlclient Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... done Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.4.1 You are using pip version 18.1, however version 19.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
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