一、下载MySQL
到mysql网站下载相应的mysql安装包，我的mysql-server_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
二、解压
tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
得到以下文件：
libmysqlclient20_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
libmysqld-dev_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-client_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-common_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-community_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.changes
mysql-community-client_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-community-server_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-community-source_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-community-test_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-server_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
mysql-server_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
mysql-testsuite_5.7.17-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.debsan
三、安装所需的包
1、sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
2. sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
输入root密码 //就是你数据库的初始化密码
3、sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient20_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
4、sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
5、sudo dpkg -i libmysqld-dev_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
6、sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
【注意：安装此步前需要安装libaio1】 apt-get install libaio1
7、sudo dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
8、sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
9、sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
【注意：安装此步前需要安装libmecab2】 apt-get install libmecab2
10、sudo dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.16-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
四、安装完成，查看路径及依赖
whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /etc/mysql /usr/include/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
五、查看版本
mysql --version
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.16, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
六、登录
mysql -u用户名 -p密码
七、修改安装过程中的root初始密码
在mysql系统外，使用mysqladmin
# mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456"
Enter password: 【输入原来的密码】