Spring声明式事务管理

以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/spring/transaction-management/spring-declarative-transaction-management.html：

声明式事务管理允许你在配置的帮助下而不是源代码硬编码来管理事务。这意味着你可以将事务管理从事务代码中隔离出来。你可以只使用注解或基于配置的XML来管理事务。 bean配置会指定事务类型方法。以下是与声明式事务关联的步骤：

• 我们使用<tx:advice />标签，它创建了一个事务处理建议，同时我们定义了一个切入点，该切入点与我们希望进行事务处理的所有方法相匹配并引用事务性的建议。

• 如果方法名称已包含在事务配置中，则创建的通知将在调用该方法之前开始事务管理。

• 目标方法会在try/catch块中执行。

• 如果方法正常结束，AOP建议会成功的提交事务，否则它执行回滚操作。

实践前提：

1、在MySql新建Student，Marks两张表，脚本如下：

CREATE TABLE Student(
   ID   INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE  INT NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

CREATE TABLE Marks(
   SID INT NOT NULL,
   MARKS  INT NOT NULL,
   YEAR   INT NOT NULL
);

注意：创建的表类型应该为InnoDB。不然没办法回滚。

2、增加mysql-connector-java.jar包，POM配置如下：

    <!-- mysql-connector-java -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- aspectjrt.jar -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjrt -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.10</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- aspectjweaver.jar -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.10</version>
    </dependency>

例子：

pom.xml：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId>
  <artifactId>testtxannotation</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>testtxannotation</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Core -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
     
    <!-- Spring Context -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- String AOP -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- aspectjrt.jar -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjrt -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.10</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- aspectjweaver.jar -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.10</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring JDBC -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Transaction -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- mysql-connector-java -->
    <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>
    
  </dependencies>
</project>

StudentMarks.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtxannotation;

public class StudentMarks {
    private Integer age;
    private String name;
    private Integer id;

    private Integer marks;
    private Integer year;
    private Integer sid;

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    

    public void setMarks(Integer marks) {
        this.marks = marks;
    }

    public Integer getMarks() {
        return marks;
    }

    public void setYear(Integer year) {
        this.year = year;
    }

    public Integer getYear() {
        return year;
    }

    public void setSid(Integer sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public Integer getSid() {
        return sid;
    }
}

StudentMarksMapper.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtxannotation;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class StudentMarksMapper implements RowMapper<StudentMarks> {

    @Override
    public StudentMarks mapRow(ResultSet rs, int arg1) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        StudentMarks student = new StudentMarks();
        student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
        student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
        student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
        
        student.setSid(rs.getInt("sid"));
        student.setMarks(rs.getInt("marks"));
        student.setYear(rs.getInt("year"));
        
        return student;
    }

}

StudentDAO.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtxannotation;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

public interface StudentDAO {

    public void setDataSource(DataSource ds);

    public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);

    public StudentMarks getStudent(Integer id);

    public List<StudentMarks> listStudents();

    public void delete(Integer id);

    public void update(Integer id, String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);
}

StudentJDBCTemplate.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtxannotation;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDAO {

    private DataSource dataSource;
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;

    @Override
    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
        this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year) {
        try {
             String SQL1 = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
             jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL1, name, age);
             String SQL2 = "select max(id) from Student";
             int sid = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForInt( SQL2 );
             String SQL3 = "insert into Marks(sid, marks, year) values (?, ?, ?)";
             jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL3, sid, marks, year);
             System.out.println("Created Name = " + name + ", Age = " + age);
             // 模拟异常输出
             throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常输出") ;
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
             System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
             throw e;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public StudentMarks getStudent(Integer id) {
        String SQL = "select * from Student,Marks where id = ? and Student.id=Marks.sid";
        StudentMarks student = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForObject(SQL, new Object[] { id }, new StudentMarksMapper());
        return student;
    }

    @Override
    public List<StudentMarks> listStudents() {
        String SQL = "select * from Student,Marks where Student.id = Marks.sid";
        List<StudentMarks> students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, new StudentMarksMapper());
        return students;
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        try {
            String SQL1 = "delete from Student where id = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL1, id);
            System.out.println("Deleted Record with ID = " + id);
            String SQL2 = "delete from Marks where sid = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL2, id);
            System.out.println("Deleted Record with SID = " + id);
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
            throw e;
        }
        return;
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Integer id, String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year) {
        try {
            String SQL1 = "update Student set age = ?,name = ? where id = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL1, age,name, id);
            System.out.println("Updated Record with ID = " + id);
            String SQL2 = "update Marks set marks = ?,year = ? where sid = ?";
            jdbcTemplateObject.update(SQL2, marks,year, id);
            System.out.println("Updated Record with SID = " + id);
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
            throw e;
        }
        return;
    }

}

注意：

1、默认只能捕获RunTimeException的异常，其余异常会自动跳过不回滚，但是可以使用rollback-for在<tx:method>元素上指定具体的异常（比如：rollback-for="Java.lang.Exception"）。

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/wm5920/article/details/46680731

beans.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
                     
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice"  transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
       <aop:pointcut id="createOperation" expression="execution(* com.jsoft.testspring.testtxannotation.StudentDAO.create(..))"/>
       <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="createOperation"/>
    </aop:config>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
       <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
       <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=UTC"/>
       <property name="username" value="root"/>
       <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
       <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />    
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="studentJDBCTemplate" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testtxannotation.StudentJDBCTemplate">
       <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />    
    </bean>

</beans>

注意：

1、配置切入点时，如果是找一个类，并且这个类是继承接口时，那么这个切入点的查找就必须指向接口；反之，如果没有继承接口时切入点直接指向具体类；并且在获取bean时返回的类型必须是接口。

参考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15141237/java-lang-classcastexception-com-sun-proxy-proxy0-cannot-be-cast-to-org-andrea

2、用<tx:advice>指定事务时，在<tx:method>中的方法默认只能捕获RuntimeException的异常，其余异常会自动跳过不回滚，但是可以使用rollback-for指定具体的异常（比如：rollback-for="Java.lang.Exception"）。

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/wm5920/article/details/46680731

App.java：

package com.jsoft.testspring.testtxannotation;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        StudentDAO studentDAO = (StudentDAO) context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate");
        System.out.println("------Records Creation--------");
        studentDAO.create("Zara", 11, 99, 2010);
        studentDAO.create("Nuha", 20, 97, 2010);
        studentDAO.create("Ayan", 25, 100, 2011);
        System.out.println("------Listing Multiple Records--------");
        List<StudentMarks> students = studentDAO.listStudents();
        for (StudentMarks record : students) {
            System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId());
            System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName());
            System.out.print(", Age : " + record.getAge());
            System.out.print(", Year : " + record.getYear());
            System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge());
        }
        System.out.println("----Updating Record with ID = 2 -----");
        studentDAO.update(2,"Nuha", 20,99,2011);
        System.out.println("----Listing Record with ID = 2 -----");
        StudentMarks student = studentDAO.getStudent(2);
        System.out.print("ID : " + student.getId());
        System.out.print(", Name : " + student.getName());
        System.out.print(", Age : " + student.getAge());
        System.out.print(", Year : " + student.getYear());
        System.out.println(", Age : " + student.getAge());
        System.out.println("----Delete Record with ID = 2 -----");
        studentDAO.delete(2);
    }
}

注意：返回类型为接口。

测试结果：

测试工程：https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/springtest/test18/testtxannotation