SSH初体验系列--Hibernate--1--环境配置及demo

最近在学hibernate,常见的教程都是搭配mysql,因为公司本地电脑用的是pg,所以就尝试着做个pg的小demo. 自己也是边学边写，只当是加深印象.话不多说，直接开始;

一) 准备工作;

　　1) 本地安装postgresql ,这个不多说，自己去网上下载;

　　　　注: 本次使用的为pg 9.4

　　2)下载pg的jdbc Driver;

　　　　网址: 可FQ的点此下载 ,不能翻墙的自己百度吧。

　　　　说明一下,支持pg9.4的有4个版本,根据自己的jdk做选择:

　　　　　　 JDBC3 Postgresql Driver, Version 9.3-1103 ( < jdk1.6)

　　　　　　 JDBC4 Postgresql Driver, Version 9.4.1212 ( = jdk1.6)

　　　　　　 JDBC41 Postgresql Driver, Version 9.4.1212 (= jdk1.7)

　　　　　　 JDBC42 Postgresql Driver, Version 9.4.1212 (= jdk1.8)

　　3) 下载hibernate的jar包;

　　　　网址:FQ下载 (文件还挺大，248M);既然是学习，那就直接上最新版本: 5.2.4.Final(2016-10-26)

　　　　解压后目录：

　　　　　　　　

　　　　required目录下的jar包是必须添加的( 比3.x版本的多了好多呀):

　　　　　　　　

　　　　意外发现在spatial目录下已经包含有pg的驱动文件了，哈哈，考虑的果然周到:

　　　　　　　　

二) 启程;

　　1) pg 创建一个用户反馈表(feedback);

　　　　orm框架连接数据库都有两种方式：code first和db first; db first 指提前建好数据库表格，在code中写好匹配的model类进行mapping,而code first指在代码中配置好表格的相关字段信息,项目运行时，再由框架根据你的model类及配置，自动在数据库执行表格的创建及修改操作;

　　　　如果你用db first的方式,可以用类似如下的sql语句在pg提前创建表格:

create table feedback
(
  id serial not null primary key,
     //serial 相当于mysql中的int auto_increment,实现的是自增长效果
  username varchar(45) not null,
  content varchar(200) not null,
  sendtime timestamp not null
)

 　　2)创建数据表Feedback对应的持久化类Feedback, 及持久化类Feedback对应的映射文件Feedback.hbm.xml。需要注意的是,该映射文件与对应的持久化类应该在同一目录下。关键代码如下：

/**
 * Created by c-yangx on 11/16/2016.
 */
public class Feedback {

    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String content;
    private Timestamp sendTime;

    public Integer getId() { return id;}

    public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}

    public String getUsername() {return username;}

    public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}

    public String getContent() {return content;}

    public void setContent(String content) {this.content = content;}

    public Timestamp getSendTime() {return sendTime;}

    public void setSendTime(Timestamp sendTime) {this.sendTime = sendTime;}

}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
  ~ Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
  ~
  ~ License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later.
  ~ See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html>.
  -->
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="models">
    <class name="models.Feedback" table="feedback" catalog="hbstudy">
        <id name="id" column="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <generator class="increment"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="username" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="username" length="45" not-null="true">
                <comment>反馈人</comment>
            </column>
        </property>
        <property name="content" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="content" length="200" not-null="true">
                <comment>反馈内容</comment>
            </column>
        </property>
        <property name="sendTime" type="java.sql.Timestamp">
            <column name="sendTime" length="19" not-null="false">
                <comment>反馈时间</comment>
            </column>
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

　　3) 创建Hibernate的主配置文件src/hibernate.cfg.xml,该文件中存放着 数据库连接驱动程序类、登陆数据库的用户名/密码、映射实体类配置文件的位置...etc.

　　　　Hibernate在初始化时,会自动在classes路径下寻找该主配置文件,并且读取配置信息，用于后期的数据库操作;

　　　　那么问题就来了,hinernate.cfg.xml的格式是什么呢?不要怕,你能想到的，官方也都考虑到了，直接在文件路径下搜索，ctrl+C=>ctrl+V  就是这么简单;

　　　　

　　　　打开文件如下,自己修改配置：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--
~ Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
~
~ License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later.
~ See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html>.
-->
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password"></property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:.</property>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.region_prefix">hibernate.test</property>
        <property name="hibernate.jdbc.use_streams_for_binary">true</property>
        <property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">0</property>
        <property name="hibernate.max_fetch_depth">3</property>
         <!-- 是否自动创建数据库表  他主要有一下几个值:validate:当sessionFactory创建时，
        自动验证或者schema定义导入数据库。  create:每次启动都drop掉原来的schema，创建新的。  create-drop:
        当sessionFactory明确关闭时，drop掉schema。update(常用):如果没有schema就创建，有就更新。 -->
        <!--此处配置来实现code first-->
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create-drop</property>
        <property name="hibernate.generate_statistics">true</property>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.testing.cache.CachingRegionFactory</property>
        <mapping class="org.hibernate.jpa.test.Item"/>
        <mapping class="org.hibernate.jpa.test.Cat"/>
        <mapping class="org.hibernate.jpa.test.Kitten"/>
        <mapping class="org.hibernate.jpa.test.Distributor"/>
        <class-cache class="org.hibernate.jpa.test.Item" usage="read-write"/>
        <collection-cache collection="org.hibernate.jpa.test.Item.distributors" usage="read-write" region="RegionName"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

 　　4)编写HibernateUtil.java,用于构建SessionFactory

package utils;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * Created by c-yangx on 11/16/2016.
 */
public class HibernateUtil {
    static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    //Init Hibernate
    static{
        try{
            Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
            sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory();
        }catch(Exception e){
            String msg=e.getMessage();
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println(msg);
        }
    }

    //Start Session
    public static Session openSession(){
        return sessionFactory.openSession();
    }
}

　　　　数据库Feedback表的操作类FeedbackDaoImpl及接口IFeedbackDao定义：

package IDao;

import models.Feedback;

/**
 * Created by c-yangx on 11/16/2016.
 */
public interface IFeedbackDao {
    void save(Feedback item);
}

package dao;

import IDao.IFeedbackDao;
import models.Feedback;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import utils.HibernateUtil;

/**
 * Created by c-yangx on 11/16/2016.
 */
public class FeedbackDaoImpl implements IFeedbackDao {
    @Override
    public void save(Feedback item) {
        Session session=null;
        Transaction tx=null;
        try{
            session= HibernateUtil.openSession();
            tx=session.beginTransaction();
            session.save(item);
            tx.commit();
        }catch(Exception e){
            tx.rollback();
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            session.close();
        }
    }
}

　　5)最后写一个测试类Test

import dao.FeedbackDaoImpl;
import models.Feedback;
import java.sql.Timestamp;

/**
 * Created by c-yangx on 11/16/2016.
 */
public class Test {

    @org.junit.Test
    public void testSave(){
        Feedback newItem=new Feedback();
        newItem.setUsername("Andrew");
        newItem.setContent("test content one");
        newItem.setSendTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));

        FeedbackDaoImpl feedbackDao=new FeedbackDaoImpl();
        feedbackDao.save(newItem);
    }
}

三)路途坎坷;

　　项目启动运行，遇到一些bug,一起做个记录:

　　a)Error msg如下;  是配置的密码有误，干脆给数据库加了一个新的role和密码

org.hibernate.service.spi.ServiceException: Unable to create requested service [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:267)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:231)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.JdbcServicesImpl.configure(JdbcServicesImpl.java:51)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:240)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.handleTypes(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:352)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:111)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.build(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:83)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build(MetadataBuilderImpl.java:418)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build(MetadataBuilderImpl.java:87)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:691)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:726)
    at utils.HibernateUtil.<clinit>(HibernateUtil.java:17)
    at dao.FeedbackDaoImpl.save(FeedbackDaoImpl.java:18)
    at Test.testSave(Test.java:19)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:117)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:42)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:262)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:84)
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Error calling Driver#connect
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator$1$1.convert(BasicConnectionCreator.java:105)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator.convertSqlException(BasicConnectionCreator.java:123)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverConnectionCreator.makeConnection(DriverConnectionCreator.java:41)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator.createConnection(BasicConnectionCreator.java:58)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.addConnections(PooledConnections.java:123)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.<init>(PooledConnections.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.<init>(PooledConnections.java:20)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections$Builder.build(PooledConnections.java:161)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.buildPool(DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.java:109)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.configure(DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.java:72)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:240)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.buildJdbcConnectionAccess(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:145)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:35)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:88)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:257)
    ... 38 more
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres"
    at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.doAuthentication(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:443)
    at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:217)
    at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:52)
    at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:216)
    at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:404)
    at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:272)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverConnectionCreator.makeConnection(DriverConnectionCreator.java:38)
    ... 53 more

　　　b)添加账号之后，又遇到新的Bug,原来是忘了给账号配置数据库权限了，在pg端配置一下就ok了

org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not extract ResultSet
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:106)
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:111)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:97)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.extract(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:79)
    at org.hibernate.id.IncrementGenerator.initializePreviousValueHolder(IncrementGenerator.java:113)
    at org.hibernate.id.IncrementGenerator.generate(IncrementGenerator.java:52)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:105)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:192)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:38)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:177)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:32)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:73)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSave(SessionImpl.java:674)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:666)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:661)
    at dao.FeedbackDaoImpl.save(FeedbackDaoImpl.java:20)
    at Test.testSave(Test.java:18)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:42)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:262)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:84)
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: permission denied for relation feedback
    ... 35 more

四) 抵达;

　　运行Test.java中的testSave方法,执行成功，再查看下数据库，数据也已成功插入;

　　最后放一个项目结构图：(说明一下，因为后续打算学习全部的ssh,所以用了个web项目)

　　　　

后言:

　　楼主也是刚开始学习java中的ssh框架，所以后面也会继续写一些hibernate的crud,Spring及struct2的文章记录自己的学习过程,并在最后整理成一个小系列.如果感兴趣，欢迎大家关注;

　大家有觉得可以优化的地方,也欢迎指正.

　　　　　　

(...未完待续)

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